AbstractAiming at the color characteristics of dyed fabrics that are easily affected by changes in light, which affects the correctness of the color difference classification of dyed fabrics, this article proposes the color constancy calculation of dyed fabrics based on improved marine predators algorithm optimized random vector functional‐link. First, in order to obtain the excellent initial population of the marine predators algorithm, this article uses two update strategies of the sine and cosine algorithm to screen the randomly initialized population of the marine predators algorithm. Then, the MPA algorithm that initializes the population using the sine and cosine algorithm optimizes the input weights and hidden layer bias parameters of random vector functional‐link, thereby improving the prediction accuracy of random vector functional‐link. Finally, using the image features extracted by the Gray‐Edge framework, the sine and cosine algorithm‐marine predators algorithm‐random vector functional‐link model proposed in this article is used to calculate the color constancy of dyed fabrics, to eliminate the influence of illumination changes on the color difference classification of dyed fabrics. Compared with the other eight algorithms, the dyed fabric image restored by the sine and cosine ‐marine predators ‐random vector functional‐link algorithm proposed in this article is closest to the image under standard illumination, that is, the color constancy evaluation effect of the dyed fabric is the best.