
AbstractThis study provides compelling evidence for Black underrepresenation in the financial advisor industry. Using a dataset of all U.S. securities‐licensed individuals (N = 642,543), we first estimate the racial and ethnic composition of the industry using an algorithm that accounts for name, gender, and location. Second, we use a dataset enhanced by a commercial vendor to restrict the analysis to only those identified as working as financial advisors (n = 237,435). Using Google search volume for a racial epithet as a proxy for area racism, we find that greater racism in a market is associated with greater Black advisor underrepresentation. Overall, we estimate at the individual level that 10.1% of financial advisors are Black (relative to 13.4% of the U.S. population). Furthermore, our results suggest market‐level racial animosity toward Blacks is negatively associated with Black advisor representation. We estimate a difference of 0.9 percentage points when comparing markets with the highest and lowest levels of animosity. For the average market with an estimated 11.4% Black advisor representation, an increase of 0.9 percentage points would represent a 7.9% increase in Black advisor representation.
Racial Animosity, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics|Labor Economics, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics, Economics, Financial Planning, Labor Economics, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics, Psychology, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics|Labor Economics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Racial Animosity, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics|Labor Economics, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics, Economics, Financial Planning, Labor Economics, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics, Psychology, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics|Labor Economics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 2 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
