AbstractAerenchyma is a plant tissue characterized by prominent intercellular spaces facilitating gas diffusion between roots and the aerial environment. The classical formation of intercellular spaces is thought to be the result of schizogeny and lysogeny during development of wetland species and in some dry‐land species in response to different abiotic stress, including drought, high temperature, and nutrient deficiency. The plant cytoskeleton is known to play a major role in cellular organization and signaling pathways. It is emphasized a lot of ambiguity as to the cytoskeleton function in the constitutive and induced aerenchyma development, especially at the earliest stages of this process. In the present review, we focus on some aspects of the cytoskeleton behavior during the formation of schizogenous and lysigenous aerenchyma in wetland and terrestrial plants growing both in the nature and experimental conditions.