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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC ND
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Elimination of GGTA1, CMAH, β4GalNT2 and CIITA genes in pigs compromises human versus pig xenogeneic immune reactions

Authors: Jing Xu; Jilong Ren; Kai Xu; Minghui Fang; Meina Ka; Fei Xu; Xin Wang; +7 Authors

Elimination of GGTA1, CMAH, β4GalNT2 and CIITA genes in pigs compromises human versus pig xenogeneic immune reactions

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundPig organ xenotransplantation is a potential solution for the severe organ shortage in clinic, while immunogenic genes need to be eliminated to improve the immune compatibility between humans and pigs. Current knockout strategies are mainly aimed at the genes causing hyperacute immune rejection (HAR) that occurs in the first few hours while adaptive immune reactions orchestrated by CD4 T cell thereafter also cause graft failure, in which process the MHC II molecule plays critical roles.MethodsThus, we generate a 4‐gene (GGTA1, CMAH, β4GalNT2, and CIITA) knockout pig by CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic cell nuclear transfer to compromise HAR and CD4 T cell reactions simultaneously.ResultsWe successfully obtained 4KO piglets with deficiency in all alleles of genes, and at cellular and tissue levels. Additionally, the safety of our animals after gene editing was verified by using whole‐genome sequencing and karyotyping. Piglets have survived for more than one year in the barrier, and also survived for more than 3 months in the conventional environment, suggesting that the piglets without MHC II can be raised in the barrier and then gradually mated in the conventional environment.Conclusions4KO piglets have lower immunogenicity, are safe in genomic level, and are easier to breed than the model with both MHC I and II deletion.

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Keywords

Graft Rejection, Gene Editing, Medicine (General), Swine, Transplantation, Heterologous, Nuclear Proteins, Regular Article, CD4 T cell, genetically edited pig, Galactosyltransferases, major histocompatibility complex II, Mixed Function Oxygenases, Animals, Genetically Modified, Gene Knockout Techniques, R5-920, xenotransplantation, Trans-Activators, Animals, Humans, N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases, immune rejection, CRISPR-Cas Systems

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
4
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
gold