Semiconductor‐based photocatalysis is considered to be an attractive way for solving the worldwide energy shortage and environmental pollution issues. Since the pioneering work in 2009 on graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) for visible‐light photocatalytic water splitting, g‐C3N4‐based photocatalysis has become a very hot research topic. This review summarizes the recent progress regarding the design and preparation of g‐C3N4‐based photocatalysts, including the fabrication and nanostructure design of pristine g‐C3N4, bandgap engineering through atomic‐level doping and molecular‐level modification, and the preparation of g‐C3N4‐based semiconductor composites. Also, the photo­catalytic applications of g‐C3N4‐based photocatalysts in the fields of water splitting, CO2 reduction, pollutant degradation, organic syntheses, and bacterial disinfection are reviewed, with emphasis on photocatalysis promoted by carbon materials, non‐noble‐metal cocatalysts, and Z‐scheme heterojunctions. Finally, the concluding remarks are presented and some perspectives regarding the future development of g‐C3N4‐based photocatalysts are highlighted.