The book provides a systematicoverview of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). First, it includes aninsight into thereference architectures developed within the main EU research projects. Then, it delves into each of the layers of such architectures, from physical to application layer, describing the technological issues which are being currently faced by some of the most important ITS research groups. The bookconcludes with some end user services and applications deployed by industrial partners. This book is a well-balanced combination of academic contributions and industrial applications in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems. The most representative technologies and research results achieved by some of the most relevant research groups working on ITS,collated to show the chances of generating industrial solutions to be deployed in real transportation environments.