The prospect of application of heat pumps (HS) in the field of heating and cooling is due, on the one hand, the need to burn on modern combined heat and power (CHP) boilers and fossil fuels, whose reserves in the world is constantly shrinking. On the other hand, fuel combustion is accompanied by significant air emissions of harmful gases - nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, and many others, it has a significant impact on the environment, living organisms, climate and atmosphere. Heat pump heating systems represent one of the most effective alternative means of solving the problem. heating systems based on heat pumps in most cases, are even more effective than by individual power plants and boilers. Heat pumps are widely used for heating of residential and office buildings inSweden,Germany, theUnited Statesand other countries with similar climatic conditions withUkraine.However, for each heat pump heating system, there is a limit of heating the coolant temperature at which the system consumes the same amount of energy (in terms of conventional fuel), and that the boiler unit, and the subsequent increase in load heat pump is more energy-intensive than the boiler. As a result, use bivalent heating systems, which are a combination of heat pump and boiler to be connected at the moments of peak loads. But when using dual mode heating circuit must be used expensive boilers with capacity not less than 60% of the total load, which is economically disadvantageous. In addition, the price of gas has a strong tendency to continuous improvement.Therefore, it was suggested and analytically substantiated this way increase the efficiency of the heat pump, as an increased number of heat pumps which refrigerant sequentially heated to the desired temperature.Thus, using an automated methodology developed, it analyzed and determined that the most efficient intermediate refrigerant heating temperature for the two-stage heat pump heating systems is the temperature 40 ... 45 ° C. When this conditional fuel economy up to 12% in comparison with a boiler, or for a single stage HS high thermal load in heating mode and removes the need to use a gas boiler peak.In addition, it was determined that the most energy efficient circuit is a heat pump system with three-stage intermediate refrigerant temperature values 30 ° C and 60 ° C, which provides the most uniform distribution of the load on the compressors.

Аналитически проанализированы различные многоступенчатые схемы применения теплового насоса в системе отопления и обоснован выбор наиболее рациональных вариантов и значений промежуточных температур нагрева хладагента.

Аналітично пронаналізовані різноманітні багатоступеневі схеми застосування теплового насосу в системі опалення й обгрунтован вибір найбільш раціональних варіантів та значень проміжних температур нагріву хладагента.