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Remote Sensing and Multi-Criteria Analysis for Preliminary Site Selection of Potable Water Boreholes in Rural Areas

Case Study of Ngoyo-Mununzi, North Kivu, DRC
Authors: Kayombo Reth, Nathan; Atwabi Byamungu, Patrick; Muhindo Bahavira, Johnny; Paluku Lukumbi, Michael; Penda Haliza, Isaac; Acacia Muley Nyande, Acacia;

Remote Sensing and Multi-Criteria Analysis for Preliminary Site Selection of Potable Water Boreholes in Rural Areas

Abstract

L'accès à l'eau potable reste un défi majeur dans les zones rurales de la République Démocratique du Congo (RDC), où les communautés dépendent de sources d'eau naturelles non protégées. Cette étude vise à identifier les sites propices à l'implantation de forages en utilisant les Systèmes d'Information Géographique (SIG), la télédétection et l'Analyse Multicritère (AMC) afin d'améliorer la gestion des ressources en eau dans la région de Ngoyo-Mununzi, au Nord-Kivu. Une combinaison de SIG, de télédétection et du Processus Hiérarchique Analytique (AHP) a été utilisée pour évaluer les facteurs environnementaux clés influençant la disponibilité des eaux souterraines. Les paramètres analysés incluent la pente, la densité de drainage, la géologie, l'occupation du sol, la précipitation, la texture du sol et l'indice de végétation (NDVI). La méthode AHP a permis de pondérer ces critères, et une analyse spatiale a été réalisée avec ArcGIS et Google Earth Engine (GEE) pour générer une carte du potentiel en eaux souterraines. Les résultats montrent que les zones à faible pente, à densité de drainage modérée et aux formations géologiques perméables sont les plus adaptées à l'implantation de forages. La carte finale classe la zone d'étude en cinq catégories de potentiel, allant de faible à excellent. Les zones les plus favorables se situent principalement au sud et au nord-ouest de la région. Cette étude démontre que l'approche combinant SIG et AMC basée sur l'AHP permet d'identifier efficacement les sites optimaux pour les forages, offrant ainsi une solution économique pour améliorer l'accès à l'eau en milieu rural.

Access to potable water remains a major challenge in rural areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), where communities often rely on unprotected natural water sources. This study aims to identify suitable sites for the installation of water boreholes using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, and Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) to improve water resource management in the Ngoyo-Mununzi region of North Kivu. A combination of GIS, remote sensing, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to evaluate key environmental factors influencing groundwater availability. The analyzed parameters include slope, drainage density, geology, land use/land cover, precipitation, soil texture, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The AHP method was used to assign weights to these criteria, and spatial analysis was conducted using ArcGIS and Google Earth Engine (GEE) to generate a groundwater potential map. The results indicate that areas with low slopes, moderate drainage density, and permeable geological formations are the most suitable for borehole development. The final map classifies the study area into five groundwater potential zones, ranging from low to excellent. The most favorable zones are primarily located in the southern and northwestern parts of the region. This study demonstrates that the integrated approach combining GIS and AHP-based MCA is effective in identifying optimal sites for water boreholes, offering a cost-effective solution to improve water access in rural settings.

Keywords

Hydrogéologie, Recharge des nappes, Sélection de sites, Multi-criteria analysis, Site selection, Télédétection, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Hydrogeology, GIS, SIG, Analyse multicritère, Modélisation spatiale, Groundwater recharge, Water management, spatial modeling, Gestion de l'eau, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SPI.GCIV] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, [SPI.GCIV.CH] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Construction hydraulique

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green