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The Baths of Yozgat

Authors: Kutlu, Mehmet;

The Baths of Yozgat

Abstract

Yozgat Hamamları Türk İslam şehir kültüründe önemli yere sahip olan hamam kültürünün günümüze ulaşan önemli örneklerindendir. Mimari plan özellikleri açısından Yozgat hamamları iki grupta değerlendirilebilir. İlk grupta Anıtsal boyuta sahip olan çifte hamamlar yer alır. Çapanoğlu Külliyesinin önemli bir ögesi olan Çapanoğlu Hamamı (Çarşı Hamamı) ve Başçavuş Hamamı (Yanan Hamam) birinci grupta yer alan örneklerdir. Hamamların ikinci grubu ise konak hamamlarıdır. Konak sahiplerince inşa edilmelerine rağmen mahalle sakinleri ve komşuların da kullanımına açık olmaları sosyal yaşam ve şehir kültürü açısından dikkat çekicidir. Bu gurupta Aynalı Hamam, Hasan Hayri Paşa Konağı Hamamı, Lök Köyü ve Gündüzlü köylerindeki hamamlar yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında ele alınan Yozgat’taki hamamlar arasında en erken tarihli örneğin Gündüzlü köyündeki hamam olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Beylikler Dönemine kadar inebileceği değerlendirilen Gündüzlü Köyü Hamamı dışındaki diğer yapılar 18.-19. yüzyıllara tarihlendirilmektedir. Yozgat şehir merkezindeki hamamlar şehrin hızlı gelişiminin yaşandığı 18. ve 19. yüzyılların panoramasını sunmaktadır. Özellikle Yozgat şehrinin gelişmesinde önemli bir mihenk taşı konumundaki Çapanoğlu Külliyesinin bünyesinde yer alan çifte hamam, anıtsallığıyla kendinden sonra inşa edilen hamamlara örneğin Başçavuş Çifte hamamının inşasına giden yolu aydınlatan bir meşale olmuştur. Çapanoğlu ve Başçavuş çifte hamamları dışındaki diğer hamam örnekleri ise konakların bünyesinde yer almaktadır. Bir konağın bünyesinde yer almalarına rağmen hamamların mahalle sakinlerinin de kullanımına açık olmaları dönemin toplumsal dayanışma ve birlik duygusunun özel bir ifadesi olduklarını göstermektedirler. Osmanlı Mimarisinde Avrupai etkilerin yoğun gözlendiği 19. Yüzyılda inşa edilen Başçavuş Çifte Hamamı’nın plan özellikleri açısından dört eyvanlı merkezi avlulu geleneksel hamam plan şemasını koruması dikkate değer bir husus olarak değerlendirilmektedir

The baths of Yozgat are significant examples of the bathhouse culture, which holds an important place in Turkish Islamic urban culture, and have survived to the present day. In terms of architectural features, Yozgat baths can be evaluated in two groups. The first group includes monumental double baths. The Çapanoğlu Bath (Market Bath), an important element of the Çapanoğlu Complex, and the Başçavuş Bath (Burning Bath) are examples in this group. The second group of baths consists of mansion baths. Although built by the mansion owners, their openness to the use of neighborhood residents and neighbors is noteworthy in terms of social life and urban culture. This group includes the Aynalı Bath, the Hasan Hayri Paşa Mansion Bath, and the baths in Lök Village and Gündüzlü Village. Among the baths in Yozgat examined in this study, the bath in Gündüzlü Village is considered to be the earliest dated example. While the Gündüzlü Village Bath is thought to date back to the Beyliks period, the other structures are dated to the 18th-19th centuries. The baths in Yozgat city center offer a panorama of the 18th and 19th centuries, a period of rapid development for the city. The double bath within the Çapanoğlu Complex, a significant milestone in Yozgat's growth, served as a beacon, illuminating the path for subsequent baths, such as the Başçavuş Double Bath. Other examples of baths, besides the Çapanoğlu and Başçavuş double baths, are located within mansions. Despite being part of a mansion, the fact that these baths were open to the use of neighborhood residents demonstrates their unique expression of the social solidarity and unity of the era. The Başçavuş Double Bath, built in the 19th century, a period marked by strong European influences in Ottoman architecture, is noteworthy for its preservation of the traditional bath plan scheme with a central courtyard and four iwans (vaulted halls).

Related Organizations
Keywords

Ottoman Architecture, Bath Architecture, Baths, Turkish architecture, Anatolian Studies, Yozgat, [SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Islamic Architecture, Turkish Baths, [SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS.ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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