Malignant neoplasm of the fallopian tube is an oncological disease, diagnostics of which is complicated not only because it lacks specific features but also because it is considered rare and therefore, often is not included in the differential diagnosis. This thesis reports a clinical case of a neoplasm of the fallopian tube and reviews literature on the topic, focusing mainly on the possibilities of preoperative diagnostics. A 79-year-old patient was examined because of dull pain in her lower abdomen, which lasted for two months. Elevated concentrations of cancer markers raised the suspicion of an oncological process, which was then reinforced by the computed tomography and surgery findings. Whilst primary ovarian pathology was suspected throughout the preoperative and operative examination, histological results confirmed the diagnosis of serous high-grade fallopian tube carcinoma. This case and inconsistency between preoperative and histological diagnosis highlight the problem of fallopian tube cancer diagnostics. Only a small rate of correct pre-interventional diagnosis is reported in the literature. Currently, it is presumed that a large number of tumors, classified as primary ovarian or peritoneal neoplasms, could have originated from the fallopian tube. Although the clinical picture of the disease varies, it usually manifests as abdominal pain or vaginal discharge. These symptoms can also be identified in syndromes, specific to the disease - Latzko’s triad and hydrops tubae profluens. Cancer markers and radiological examination also play an important role in both the diagnostics and the assessment of the disease course. It is important to recognize specific imaging features of fallopian tube cancer: sausage-shaped mass, hydrosalpinx and intrauterine fluid accumulation, as it can lead to an accurate diagnosis. The main method of treatment is surgery. Adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy is indicated in cases of advanced disease.