
A correta determinação do ponto de colheita é fundamental para a manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de frutos. Por esse motivo, a execução do presente estudo visou estudar o efeito bioquímico e fisiológico na manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de mangas cv. Tommy Atkins, colhidas em três diferentes períodos, no estado de Roraima e comercializadas em mercados no município de Manaus. Os tratamentos realizados nas mangas consistiram na colheita dos frutos em diferentes períodos, sendo eles: controle (colheita aos 90 dias após a antese), colheita precoce aos 70 dias após a antese e colheita tardia, aos 105 dias após a antese. Ao final do período experimental verificou-se que as mangas colhidas aos 70 DAA apresentaram baixo teor de carotenoides pois não conseguiram completar a maturação comercial da polpa. Contudo, esses frutos apresentavam-se com elevada firmeza de polpa e as maiores concentrações de vitamina C, fenólicos e a maior atividade antioxidante. Quando colhidas aos 105 DAA, as mangas apresentaram as menores firmezas de polpa e valores muito próximos aos frutos colhidos precocemente quanto aos teores de açúcares e menores concentrações de fenólicos, vitamina C e atividade antioxidante. Por outro lado, frutos colhidos aos 90 DAA demonstram satisfatória resistência física e resultados adequados quanto aos aspectos sensoriais, aos compostos com potencial funcional e a própria atividade antioxidante.
Determining the correct harvest time is essential for maintaining post-harvest fruit quality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biochemical and physiological effect of three different harvest times on maintaining post-harvest quality in ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangoes from the state of Roraima, sold in markets in the city of Manaus. The treatments consisted of the different harvest times: control, harvested 90 days after anthesis; early harvest, harvested 70 days after anthesis; and late harvest, harvested 105 days after anthesis. At the end of the experimental period, mangoes harvested at 70 DAA were found to have a low carotenoid content, with the pulp unable to reach commercial maturity; the pulp had a high level of firmness, with the highest concentrations of vitamin C and phenolics, and the greatest antioxidant activity. When the mangoes were harvested at 105 DAA, the pulp had the least firmness and a sugar content very close to that of the early-harvested fruit, with lower concentrations of phenolics and vitamin C, and lower antioxidant activity. On the other hand, the fruit harvested at 90 DAA showed adequate physical resistance and acceptable results for sensory quality, functional compounds and antioxidant activity.
Ponto de colheita, Harvest point, Quality, Qualidade, Mangifera indica L
Ponto de colheita, Harvest point, Quality, Qualidade, Mangifera indica L
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