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Комплексная оценка состояния лесных генетических резерватов Свердловской области с помощью методов дистанционного и наземного обследования

Комплексная оценка состояния лесных генетических резерватов Свердловской области с помощью методов дистанционного и наземного обследования

Abstract

В целях сохранения генетических ресурсов основных видов лесообразователей в 1983-84 гг. на территории Свердловской области выделено 111 лесных генетическихрезерватов. Для оценки современного состояния данного вида охраняемых природных территорий проанализированы спутниковые снимки всех лесных генетических резерватов и проведено наземное обследование 15 из них. По спутниковым снимкам с помощью разработанных специализированных шкал определены: доля антропогенно нарушенной территории резерватов, наличие и выраженность безлесной буферной зоны во-круг них, соответствие системы выделения границ резерватов GPS-метками задачам ее практического использования. Выявлена степень нарушенности резерватов: более 20 % территории нарушено у 54, 10…20 % у 25, 5…10 % у 6, 0…5 % у 21; для 5 резерватов данных нет. Установлено отсутствие полноценной безлесной буферной зоны у всех 111 резерватов. Только 30 из них имеют более или менее выраженную безлесную зону вдоль части границ, остальные окружены сплошным лесным массивом. Таксационные характеристики древостоев свидетельствуют о высоких лесоводственных показателях насаждений. Санитарное состояние древостоев: слабо-поврежденные 11, неповрежденные 4. Для всех обследованных резерватов средний индекс жизненного состояния деревьев составляет 2,2, дефолиация (изреженность кроны) до 27 %, дехромация (пожелтение хвои) 9 %. Показано, что комплексный подход к оценке состояния лесных генетических резерватов, сочетающий методы дистанционного и на-земного лесоводственно-таксационного обследования древостоев, существенно повышает объективность получаемой информации и является перспективным для разработки системы мониторинга состояния существующих, а также создания новых резерватов в Российской Федерации. Предложены конкретные мероприятия по сохранению и улучшению состояния обследованных территорий.

In order to preserve the genetic resources of the main forest-forming species 111 forest genetic reserves (FGR) were allocated in the Sverdlovsk region in 1983-1984. The satellite images analysis of FGR and a ground survey of 15 of them were carried out to assess the current state of those protected areas. Using the satellite images and the developed specialized scales we defined the proportion of the anthropogenic disturbed FGR territory, the treeless buffer zones around reserves, and the compatibility of the GPS-tags boundary allocation system of FGR with the problems of its practical use. The analysis revealed the following degrees of FGR disturbance: 54 FGR had more than 20 % of the disturbed area; 25 10…20 %;6 5…10 %; 21 0…5 %. We did not obtain data of 5 reserves. All of 111 FGR did not haveproper treeless buffer zones. Only 30 FGR had a treeless zone along the borders. The rest of them were surrounded by the forestland. Forest measurement data of the stands indicated a high rate of silvicultural parameters of plantations. The sanitary state of the stands was also observed: 11 FGR were slightly damaged, 4 FGR were not damaged. The average vital index of trees of all examined FGR was 2.2; defoliation (thinning of the crown) was up to 27 %; dehromation (or needles yellowing) was 9 %. The comprehensive approach to the FGR state assessment, combining the methods of remote and ground silvicultural and taxation survey of the stands significantly increased the objectivity of the received information. This approach is promising for the development of the monitoring system of existing FGR, as well as for the creation of new reserves in the Russian Federation. The specific measures for conservation and improvement of the surveyed areas are proposed.

Keywords

ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ РЕЗЕРВАТ,ЛЕСОВОДСТВЕННО-ТАКСАЦИОННАЯ ОЦЕНКА СОСТОЯНИЯ СОСНОВЫХ НАСАЖДЕНИЙ,АНАЛИЗ СПУТНИКОВЫХ СНИМКОВ,ДИСТАНЦИОННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ,GENETIC RESERVE,SILVICULTURAL AND TAXATION ASSESSMENT OF PINE PLANTATIONS,SATELLITE IMAGE ANALYSIS,REMOTE SENSING METHOD

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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