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Межрегиональная миграция молодежи в России: комплексный анализ демографической статистики

Межрегиональная миграция молодежи в России: комплексный анализ демографической статистики

Abstract

Как и во многих других странах, в России миграция имеет выраженный возрастной профиль, пиковые значения ее интенсивности приходятся на годы получения высшего и профессионального образования. В работе проанализирована интенсивность миграции молодежи студенческого возраста (17-21 год) на основе трех источников информации с учетом возможностей и ограничений каждого из них. Миграционная привлекательность регионов России сравнивалась тремя способами. Во-первых, по данным текущего учета миграции раздельно за два периода 2003-2010 гг. и 2011-2013 гг.с применением когортно-компонентного анализа. Именно эти периоды выделены не случайно: в 2011 г. методики учета миграции были существенно скорректированы. Во-вторых, по данным переписей населения 2002 и 2010 гг., методом возрастной передвижки. Предложен способ «очистки» данных переписей населения от не связанных с миграцией деформаций половозрастной структуры населения. В-третьих, по данным о соотношении в регионах страны численности поступивших в вузы на очную форму обучения по программам бакалавриата и специалитета, с одной стороны, и выпускников школ, с другой стороны, в среднем за 2012/2013 и 2013/2014 учебные годы. На основе четырех показателей (межпереписная оценка, текущий учет за два периода и соотношение численности поступивших в вузы и выпускников школ) рассчитан рейтинг привлекательности регионов России для молодежи студенческого возраста. Место региона в данном рейтинге зависит не только от развития в нем системы высшего образования, но и от устойчивых направлений межрегиональной миграции в стране. Больше шансов привлечь учебных мигрантов имеют регионы, расположенные в европейской части России.

Not dissimilar to many other countries, migration in Russia has a pronounced age-dependent pattern with the peak intensity at the age when people obtain higher and professional education. In this paper, we analyze migration intensity at student age (17-21) using three sources of demographic data with regard to their key opportunities and limitations. We compare the migration attractiveness of Russian regions in three ways. First, we apply APC analysis to the current migration statistical data, separately for two periods: 2003-2010 and 2011-2013. The reason for sampling these two periods is because there was a significant change in the migration statistics collection practices in 2011. Second, we use the age-shift method to analyze the data of the 2002 and 2010 Russian censuses. We offer a way to refine the census data by discarding the non-migration-related changes in the age-sex structure. Finally, we use information about the ratio between the number of school graduates and that of full-time high school enrolments in the academic years 2012/13 and 2013/14 across the regions. Based on the four indicators of migration intensity (intercensal estimates, statistical records for the two periods, and the graduate-enrolment ratio), we develop a rating of Russian regions in migration attractiveness for student-aged youths. A position in this rating depends not only on the level of higher education development in a region but also on the consistent patterns of interregional migration in Russia. The regions in the European part of the country have a much higher chance to attract migrants at student ages.

Keywords

МИГРАЦИЯ МОЛОДЕЖИ,УЧЕБНАЯ МИГРАЦИЯ,МИГРАЦИОННЫЙ ПРИРОСТ,КОГОРТНО-КОМПОНЕНТНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ,МЕТОД ВОЗРАСТНОЙ ПЕРЕДВИЖКИ,РЕЙТИНГ ПРИВЛЕКАТЕЛЬНОСТИ РЕГИОНОВ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ,YOUTH MIGRATION,EDUCATIONAL MIGRATION,NET MIGRATION,AGE-PERIOD-COHORT ANALYSIS,AGE-SHIFT METHOD,RATING OF REGION ATTRACTIVENESS

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold