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Социокультурный контекст китайской и японской иммиграции в США в конце XIX - начале XX в

Социокультурный контекст китайской и японской иммиграции в США в конце XIX - начале XX в

Abstract

Статья содержит сравнительный анализ образов китайской и японской иммиграции в США до запретительного акта 1924 г. В частности, исследуются особенности американских представлений об азиатских диаспорах, изучаются объективные и субъективные факторы, влиявшие на законодательную политику Конгресса. Работа включает исследование общественного мнения американцев в отношении приезжающих из Азии, разрабатываются аспекты, являвшиеся источниками негативных представлений о китайцах и японцах у коренных жителей Соединенных Штатов. Сравнительный анализ проводится по следующим критериям: историческому, географическому, демографическому, хронологическому, экономическому, культурному и социальному. В тексте работы рассматриваются две основные проблемы: почему на протяжении нескольких десятилетий законодательные меры Конгресса по решению иммиграционной проблемы являлись противоречивыми и вследствие чего в американском сознании зародились парадоксальные представления о японцах и китайцах как едином целом и одновременно как об отличающихся друг от друга, требующих разных подходов народах? Работа доказывает тезис о том, что страх потери уникальной американской идентичности под воздействием «желтой угрозы» обусловил в целом резко негативное отношение к китайской и японской диаспорам на территории США.

The article contains a comparative analysis of images of Chinese and Japanese immigrants to the USA before the Exclusion Act of 1924. In particular, special features of American representations of Asian Diasporas are investigated. Besides, the objective and subjective factors which influenced legislative policy of Congress are studied. The paper includes research of American public opinion towards those coming from Asia. Moreover, the aspects revealed a negative image of Chinese and Japanese in mind of Americans are dwelled on. Comparative analysis was made according to certain criteria as: historical, geographical, demographical, chronological, economical, cultural and social. In the text of the paper two main problems are put into consideration: why were the legislative measures of Congress in relation to the Asian problem contradictory; and what was the reason for those paradoxical representations towards Chinese and Japanese in American minds? The research proves a thesis that the fear of losing special American identity under the influence of "yellow peril" caused general negative attitude to Chinese and Japanese Diasporas on the territory of the USA.

Keywords

«ВОСТОЧНОЕ ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЕ»,КИТАЙСКАЯ ИММИГРАЦИЯ В США,ЯПОНСКАЯ ИММИГРАЦИЯ В США,МОНГОЛЫ,КОНГРЕСС,СЕНАТ,ОГРАНИЧИТЕЛЬНАЯ ИММИГРАЦИОННАЯ ПОЛИТИКА,«ЗОЛОТАЯ ЛИХОРАДКА»,ДЖЕНТЛЬМЕНСКОЕ СОГЛАШЕНИЕ,ВАНСЯСКИЙ ДОГОВОР,КАНАГАВСКИЙ ДОГОВОР,ИММИГРАЦИОННЫЙ АКТ 1924 Г,МЕНТАЛЬНОСТЬ,ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЕ СОЗНАНИЕ,ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ,"ORIENTAL EXCLUSION",CHINESE AND JAPANESE IMMIGRATION TO THE USA,CIVIL WAR,MONGOLS,CONGRESS,SENATE,RESTRICTION IMMIGRATION POLICY,"GOLDEN RUSH","GENTLEMAN''S AGREEMENT",TREATY OF WANGHIA,CONVENTION OF KANAGAWA,IMMIGRATION ACT OF 1924,MENTALITY,PUBLIC CONSCIOUSNESS,IDENTITY

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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