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Два подхода к пониманию «Применения знаний»: трансфер и моделирование обзор литературы и критика

Два подхода к пониманию «Применения знаний»: трансфер и моделирование обзор литературы и критика

Abstract

Закономерности применения изученного в новых ситуациях исследуются в рамках двух концепций моделирования и трансфера. Проведен обзор литературы с целью сравнить эти концепции, чтобы получить максимально полное представление о том, какие психологические процессы задействованы в применении знаний в новой ситуации, что бу дет меняться в исследовательской и учебной практике при смене концептуальных рамок и при каких условиях эти концепции могут обогатить друг друга. Показано, что в обеих концепциях ключевым условием успешного применения приобретенных знаний является осуществление анализа структуры задачи и сопоставления моделей задачи, данных в разных репрезентационных системах. На основании полученных данных сделаны выводы относительно подходов к обучению, способствующих эффективному применению полученных знаний, а также относительно критериев оценки учебных заданий.

The patterns of knowledge application in new situations are explored from the perspectives of modeling and transfer. We provide an overview of studies to compare these two conceptions and get a comprehensive idea of which psychological processes are involved in knowledge application, what will change in research and teaching practices if the conceptual frameworks change, and how these conceptions can contribute to each other. We show that analyzing the problem structure and comparing problem models in different representational systems are the key prerequisites for a successful knowledge application in both conceptions. Based on the data obtained, we draw conclusions about approaches to education promoting effective knowledge application and about training problem assessment criteria.

Keywords

ОБУЧЕНИЕ,ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НАВЫКОВ,МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ,ТРАНСФЕР,МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕКСТОВЫЕ ЗАДАЧИ,СТРУКТУРНОЕ ОПИСАНИЕ ЗАДАЧИ,ОБОБЩЕНИЕ,МЕТАКОГНИТИВНЫЕ НАВЫКИ,LEARNING,KNOWLEGDE APPLICATION,MODELING,TRANSFER,MATHEMATICAL WORD PROBLEMS,DEEP AND SURFACE STRUCTURE,GENERALIZATION,METACOGNITIVE SKILLS

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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