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Оценка экономической эффективности применения прибрежных и морских энергоблоков для удовлетворения нужд потребителей

Оценка экономической эффективности применения прибрежных и морских энергоблоков для удовлетворения нужд потребителей

Abstract

В Энергетической стратегии Российской Федерации закреплена необходимость перехода на возобновляемые и экологически чистые источники энергии на уровне не ниже 4,5 % от общего объема генерации до 2020 г. Представлена оценка экономической эффективности использования приливных и проточных электростанций, которые вырабатывают электроэнергию, используя движение воды, вызванное приливами и отливами. Приведены примеры реализованных проектов. Выделены экономические преимущества использования приливных электростанций (масштабы и типы конструкций, модульность, низкие операционные расходы и затраты на техническое обслуживание), позволяющие сделать вывод, что приливные энергоблоки имеют хорошие исходные шансы напрямую конкурировать с ископаемым топливом. Описаны основные факторы, сдерживающие развитие возобновляемой энергетики. Представлены важные экономические проблемы, с которыми сталкивается сектор возобновляемой энергетики. Выявлены районы с локальным дефицитом электроэнергии на территории Российской Федерации. Определены наиболее перспективные области для опытной эксплуатации разрабатываемого энергоагрегата: Камчатский край, Сахалинская область, Северо-Курильская гряда островов, разделяющая Тихий океан и Охотское море. Приведены обобщенные данные по прогнозу себестоимости производства приливной электроэнергии на основании ее оценки авторитетными организациями начиная с 2000 г. Сделан вывод, что экономическая эффективность разрабатываемых энергоблоков перспективна в случае достижения мощностей в 10 и более МВт, т. к. стоимость вырабатываемой электроэнергии для потребителей не будет превышать среднюю по региону, а приливные электростанции будут доходными.

Need of transition to renewable and environmentally friendly power sources at the level of not lower than 4.5 % of the total amount of generation till 2020 is fixed in Power strategy of the Russian Federation. The article presents an assessment of economic efficiency of tidal and flowing power plants that produce electricity by use of water movement caused by tides. The examples of the realized projects are given. The economic advantages of tidal power plants (scales and types of a design, a modularity, low operating expenses and costs of maintenance) are distinguished in the article. It allows to make a conclusion that tidal power units have good initial chances to compete directly with fossil fuel. The major limiting factors for development of renewable energetics are described. The important economic problems, which the sector of renewable energetics faces with, are presented. Areas with local deficiency of the electric power in the territory of the Russian Federation are revealed. The most perspective areas for trial operation of the developed power unit are defined: Kamchatka Krai, Sakhalin Oblast, the North Kuril ridge of islands dividing the Pacific Ocean and the Okhotsk Sea. The generalized data on the forecast of production cost of the tidal electric power on the basis of the authoritative organizations since 2000 are provided. It is concluded that economic efficiency of the developed power units is perspective in case of achievement of capacities in 10 MW and more as the cost of the developed electric power for consumers will not exceed the average on the region, and tidal power plants will be profitable.

Keywords

ПРИЛИВНАЯ ЭЛЕКТРОСТАНЦИЯ,ПРИЛИВНАЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИКА,ОЦЕНКА ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ,ПРИЛИВНЫЕ ЭНЕРГОБЛОКИ,TIDAL POWER PLANT,TIDAL ENERGETICS,ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY,TIDAL POWER UNITS

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    influence
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold