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Меловая растительность Пензенской области на примере памятника природы «Субботинские склоны»

Меловая растительность Пензенской области на примере памятника природы «Субботинские склоны»

Abstract

Актуальность и цели. Меловая (кальцефитная) флора и растительность чрезвычайно редко встречаются на территории Пензенской области. Проанализированы современное состояние кальцефитных флороценотических комплексов памятника природы «Субботинские склоны», закономерности их фор­мирования и возможности сохранения. Материалы и методы. На территории памятника природы «Субботинские склоны» проводили исследования на двух геоботанических профилях, заложенных в условиях разной степени интенсивности антропогенного воздействия. Профили проходили по наиболее крутым частям склона коренного берега р. Ночки до русла реки и включали как лесную, так и травянистую растительность. Результаты. Флористический состав кальцефитных сообществ памятника природы «Субботинские склоны» включает 95 видов, из которых шесть являются редкими для Пензенской области и один вид занесен в Красную книгу Российской Федерации. Растительные сообщества памятника природы сильно трансформированы хозяйственной деятельностью и представлены ассоциациями сосново-широколиственных, дубовых лесов, черноольшаников, ивняков, луговых и настоящих степей, остепненных, настоящих и пойменных лугов. Распределение основных типов растительных сообществ имеет строгую приуроченность к рельефу и мозаичности субстрата. Выводы. Степень выраженности кальцефитной растительности определяется сомкнутостью крон древесного яруса и характером субстрата. Длительная хозяйственная деятельность привела к существенной деградации растительного покрова. Cохранение меловой (кальцефитной) флоры возможно только в составе растительных сообществ, спонтанно развивающихся на сложной мозаике субстратов (опоки, мергель, мел) на крутых склонах.

Background. Chalky (calcicolous) flora and vegetation is extremely rare in the Penza region. The authors analyzed the current condition of calciphyte floro-cenosis complexes of the nature sanctuary «Subbotinskie sklony», regularities of formation and preservation possibilities thereof. Materials and methods. In the nature sanctuary «Subbotinskie sklony» the authors investigated 2 geobotanic profiles under different degrees of intensity of anthropogenic impact. The profiles were located on the steepest parts of the slopes of the indigenous Bank of the river Nochka before the riverbed and included both forest and grass vegetation. Results. The floristic composition of calcicolous communities of the nature sanctuary «Subbotinskie sklony» includes 95 species, of which 6 are rare for the Penza region and 1 species is listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. Plant communities of the natural sanctuary are greatly transformed by economic activities and are presented by the associations of coniferous-broad-leaved, oak, black alder, willow forests, meadow and native steppes, steppe, native and bottomland meadows. Distribution of the main types of plant communities has a strict dependence on relief and mosaic substrate. Conclusions. The degree of manifestation of calcicolous vegetation is determined by crown cover of the tree layer and the nature of the substrate. Prolonged economic activity led to significant degradation of the vegetation cover. Preservation of chalky (calcicolous) flora is only possible in plant communities spontaneously developing on complex mosaic substrates (flasks, marl, chalk) on steep slopes.

Keywords

КАЛЬЦЕФИТНАЯ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ, АНТРОПОГЕННОЕ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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