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Оценка временной динамики структуры агроландшафтов и показателей плодородия почв степной зоны Алтайского края

Оценка временной динамики структуры агроландшафтов и показателей плодородия почв степной зоны Алтайского края

Abstract

Приводятся результаты исследований по оценке структуры агроландшафтов по данным дистанционного зондирования (многозональные сканерные космоснимки Landsat) с использованием программного комплекса ENVI 5.0 и геоинформационной системы MapInfo10.5. Выявлено, что наибольшая распаханность территории характерна для природных зон сухой и засушливой степей и составляет 89 и 82% соответственно. Агроландшафты указанных зон испытывают интенсивную антропогенную нагрузку и находятся в неустойчивом состоянии, что приводит к неизбежной деградации ландшафтов в целом и почвенного покрова в частности. Сельскохозяйственное использование привело к активному проявлению процессов дегумификации и снижению мощности гумусового горизонта почв. Наибольшая интенсивность процессов дегумификации наблюдается в условиях засушливой и умеренно-засушливой степи, а большая скорость изменения площадей видов почв по мощности гумусового горизонта, в сторону его уменьшения, зафиксирована в зоне каштановых почв сухой степи и подзоне черноземов южных засушливой степи.

The results of the studies on the evaluation of agro-landscapes’ structure by remote sensing data (Landsat multispectral scanner imagery) with the use of ENVI 5.0 software and geographic information system MapInfo10.5 are presented. It has been revealed that the largest percentage of ploughed land is typical of the natural zones of dry and arid steppes, and makes 89% and 82% respectively. The agro-landscapes of those areas are exposed to intense anthropogenic impact human pressure and are in unstable condition which results in inevitable degradation of the landscapes in whole, and of the soil cover in particular. Agricultural use has resulted in active dehumification processes and decrease in thickness of soil humus horizons. The highest intensity of dehumification is observed in the arid and temperate arid steppe, and the fastest rate of soil types’ areas change in terms of humus horizon thickness decrease is observed in the zone of chestnut soils of the dry steppe and the sub-zone of southern chernozems of the arid steppe.

Keywords

АГРОЛАНДШАФТЫ, СУХАЯ СТЕПЬ, ЗАСУШЛИВАЯ СТЕПЬ, УМЕРЕННО-ЗАСУШЛИВАЯ КОЛОЧНАЯ СТЕПЬ, КАШТАНОВЫЕ ПОЧВЫ, ЧЕРНОЗЕМЫ, ПЛОДОРОДИЕ ПОЧВ, ДИСТАНЦИОННОЕ ЗОНДИРОВАНИЕ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold