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Проявление мировых тенденций структурно-технологических изменений в России

Проявление мировых тенденций структурно-технологических изменений в России

Abstract

Статья посвящена анализу тенденций структурно-технологических преобразований национальных экономик. Указываются такие основополагающие тенденции, как: уменьшение доли промышленности и сельского хозяйства при увеличении доли услуг; относительное изменение соотношения индустриального и постиндустриального секторов при росте объемов производимых товаров; радикальные изменения структуры разделения труда, занятости и инвестиций; сокращение доли производства пищевой и легкой промышленности и увеличение доли электрического и неэлектрического оборудования, машин; повышение доли высокотехнологичного производства и наукоемких отраслей. Данные тренды структурно-технологического развития являются основополагающими и проявляются в той или иной степени в зависимости от особенностей местных условий и истории, институциональных факторов, производственных возможностей страны, выбора целей и методов экономической политики. В статье приведены различные классификации и группировки стран в зависимости от преобладающих структурно-технологических трендов. Отмечаются особенности структурно-технологических преобразований и делается вывод о необходимости государственной поддержки данного процесса.

The paper analyzes global trends in structural and technological transformation of national economies, identifies major trends such as: reducing the share of industry and agriculture while increasing the share of service sector; relative change in the ratio of industrial and post-industrial sectors with increasing production of goods; radical changes in the structure of division of labor, employment and investment; reducing the share of food production and light industry and increasing the share of electrical and non-electrical appliances and machinery; increasing the share of high-tech manufacturing and hightech industries. These structural and technological trends are fundamental, they are manifested in varying degrees depending on the local conditions and history, institutional factors, production capacity of the country, goals and methods of the economic policy. The paper presents various classifications and groupings of countries depending on the prevailing structural and technological trends, highlights specific features of the structural and technological changes, and concludes that those processes should be given state support.

Keywords

СТРУКТУРНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ, МАКРОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ДИНАМИКА, ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ УКЛАД

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average