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Экспериментальное исследование процесса непрерывного пропаривания зерна гречихи

Экспериментальное исследование процесса непрерывного пропаривания зерна гречихи

Abstract

На гречезаводах гидротермическая обработка (ГТО) зерна включает пропаривание, сушку и охлаждение. Современные способы пропаривания, принятые согласно «Правилам организации и ведения технологического процесса на крупяных предприятиях», осуществляются в пропаривателях периодического действия, таких как А9-БПБ, которые имеют ряд недостатков. Основные недостатки: неравномерный прогрев зерна, высокая температура (160-180 оС), давление пара (0,4-0,6 МПа) и длительность процесса (40-100 мин.), что, с одной стороны, приводит к высоким энергозатратам на процесс пропаривания, а с другой, к снижению пищевой ценности продукта, денатурации белка, уменьшению отдельных аминокислот и витаминов в зерне. Проблема может быть решена использованием для ГТО пропаривателя непрерывного действия. Пропариватель состоит из цилиндрического корпуса, имеет затворы для загрузки и выгрузки зерна, патрубки подачи и вывода пара и воды. Для перемешивания зерна в процессе пропаривания служат лопасти, установленные под наклоном на вертикальном вращающемся валу. Сравнительные экспериментальные исследования по «Правилам...» в аппарате А9-БПБ и по предложенной технологии в пропаривателе непрерывного действия показали эффективность предложенного способа, длительность ГТО снизилась в 3,5 раза и составила 4-8 мин., температура нагрева зерна снизилась до 40-90 оС, давление пара — до 0,005-0,015 МПа, расход пара уменьшился в 8 раз. Использование низкотемпературных режимов обработки зерна позволяет сохранять вкусовые и питательные свойства вырабатываемой крупы и регулировать ее цветность. Предложенный способ непрерывного пропаривания может использоваться для переработки различных культур в крупу.

Hydrothermal treatment of grain in buckwheat processing plants includes the following stages: steaming, drying and cooling. The existing steaming techniques are performed by intermittent steamers as A9-BPB which revealing a number of drawbacks. The major disadvantages include uneven grain heating, high temperature (160-180°C), high steam pressure (0.4-0.6 MPa) and long treatment time (40-100 min.). Those disadvantages result in high power costs for steaming and reduce the nutritional value by the denaturation of proteins and reduced content of some amino acids and vitamins in buckwheat grain. The above problems may be solved by a continuous steamer for hydrothermal treatment of grain. The steamer consists of a cylindrical body, the gates for grain feeding and discharge, and steam and water inlet and outlet pipes. Inclined blades anchored to vertically-rotating shaft agitate the grain when steaming. Comparative experimental study of A9-BPB steamer and the proposed continuous steamer revealed the efficiency of the latter; the duration of hydrothermal treatment decreased 3.5 times amounting to 4-8 min. Grain heating temperature was reduced to 40-90°C, and the steam pressure to 0.005-0.015 MPa. Steam consumption was reduced 8 times. The application of low-temperature regimes of grain treatment enables maintaining the taste and nutritional value of the processed grain and controlling its color. The proposed continuous steaming technique may be used to produce processed grains (groats) of different cereal crops.

Keywords

ГИДРОТЕРМИЧЕСКАЯ ОБРАБОТКА, ПРОПАРИВАНИЕ, ЗЕРНО ГРЕЧИХИ, ПРОПАРИВАТЕЛЬ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ, ВРЕМЯ ПРОПАРИВАНИЯ, ТЕМПЕРАТУРА, ДАВЛЕНИЕ ПАРА

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold