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Ландшафты Исландии

Ландшафты Исландии

Abstract

Natural and cultural landscapes of Iceland are presented in the article in the landscape maps constructed in the scale of 1:2 000 000. The data sources are represented by published geological maps, topographic maps (elevation contour lines, water bodies, land use), satellite imagery (in natural and false colours), shadowed digital elevation model, and author´s ground photos taken during the field work campaigns in 1998, 1999, 2002, 2008 and 2009. The mapping procedure the natural landscape identification used in the laboratory conditions is based on GIS technology and the deducational approach „from the top to the bottom“. The territory of Iceland was consequently divided using available data into 19 main classes of the natural landscapes. Every one of them contains a geographic description consisting of the main feature expression: terrain as the main landscape differentiation factor, geology, climate (with respect to the sea elevation and distance from the coast), potential (and real) vegetation cover respecting the climate conditions (reconstructed in the inhabited areas). All the distinguished landscape classes were ordered into the general hierarchical system of the Iceland´s natural landscapes. Based on the map of the natural landscapes, the map of the present cultural landscapes was constructed. The main data source is the satellite imagery. The scale applied allows distinguish only few classes of such landscapes, especially in the human ecumena, while natural and semi-natural landscapes are dominating in the inland areas. Both the landscape maps are equipped with the extended legends.

Природные и культурные ландшафты Исландии представлены в статье в виде ландшафтных карт, построенных в масштабе 1: 2 000 000. Источниками данных послужили опубликованные геологические карты, топографические карты (высоты, водоемы, землепользование), спутниковые снимки (в натуральных и ложных цветах), в цифровых моделях рельефа и авторских фотографиях, сделанных во время полевых работ сезонов 1998, 1999, 2002, 2008 и 2009 годов. Методика составления карты естественное отождествление пейзажа использовалась в лабораторных условиях на основе ГИС-технологий и дедукционного подхода «сверху вниз». Территория Исландии, следовательно, делится с использованием имеющихся данных на 19 основных классов природных ландшафтов. Каждый из них содержит географическое описание, состоящее из отражения главной особенности: местности, как основного фактора ландшафтной дифференциации, геологии, климата (по отношению к высоте над уровнем моря и расстоянию от берега), возможного (и реального) растительного покрова, относящегося к климатическим условиям (покров, реконструированный в населенных пунктах). Все отмеченные классы пейзаж были обозначены в общей иерархической системе природных исландских ландшафтов. Основываясь на карте природных ландшафтов, была построена карта настоящих культурных ландшафтов. Основным источником данных являются спутниковые снимки. Выделенные особенности позволяет различать лишь несколько классов таких ландшафтов, особенно в заселенной части, а природные и полуприродные ландшафты преобладают во внутренних районах. Ландшафтные карты имеют расширенные легенды.

Keywords

ЛАНДШАФТЫ,LANDSCAPES,ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ КАРТЫ,GEOLOGICAL MAPS,ТОПОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ КАРТЫ,TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS,РЕЛЬЕФ,ГИС,GIS,РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПОКРОВ,СРЕДИННО-АТЛАНТИЧЕСКИЙ ХРЕБЕТ,MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE,ВУЛКАНЫ,VOLCANOES,ЛЕДНИКИ,GLACIERS,СПУТНИКОВЫЕ СНИМКИ,SATELLITE IMAGERY,КЛИМАТ,CLIMATE,КУЛЬТУРНЫЙ ЛАНДШАФТ,CULTURAL LANDSCAPE,TERRAIN,LAND COVER

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    influence
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average