
The article deals with the first schools of industrial design VHUTEMAS (Higher Art and Technical Studios) and Bauhaus (Higher School of Construction and artistic design). The historical, cultural preconditions of schools and their structures are analyzed in the article. A similar story of creation and the main objectives and tasks assigned to the activities of VHUTEMAS and Bauhaus was established and developed. Special attention is paid not to description of artistic pedagogical system or creative activities of schools, but to social and cultural changes in Russia and Germany in the first third of the XX century that influenced the formation of a new approach in artistic creation. The purpose was to train artists in line with production requirements. Educational institutions have appeared as a phenomenon of Soviet and German art and culture, where objective methods of simulation and training of industrial artists were formed.
В статье рассматриваются первые школы индустриального дизайна ВХУТЕМАС (Высшие художественно-технические мастерские) и Баухауз (Высшая школа строительства и художественного конструирования). Проанализированы историко-культурные предпосылки возникновения школ и их структур. Выявлена и обоснована аналогичность истории создания и основных целей и задач, поставленных перед деятельностью ВХУТЕМАСа и Баухауза. Особое внимание уделяется не описанию художественно-педагогической системы или творческой деятельности школ, а социокультурным изменениям России и Германии первой трети XX столетия, повлиявшим на формирование принципиально нового подхода к подготовке художников, исходя из требований производства. Учебные заведения выступают как феномены советской и немецкой художественной культуры, в которых были сформированы объективные методы моделирования и обучения промышленных художников.
ВХУТЕМАС,БАУХАУЗ,НЕМЕЦКАЯ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА ПЕРВОЙ ТРЕТИ XX ВЕКА,THE GERMAN ART CULTURE OF THE FIRST THIRD OF XX CENTURY,СОВЕТСКАЯ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА ПЕРВОЙ ТРЕТИ XX ВЕКА,THE SOVIET ARTISTIC CULTURE OF THE FIRST THIRD OF THE XX CENTURY,ДИЗАЙН,DESIGN,АРХИТЕКТУРА,ARCHITECTURE,ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ В СФЕРЕ КУЛЬТУРУ,EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF CULTURE,РЕФОРМА ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ,ART EDUCATION REFORM,VHUTEMAS (HIGHER ART AND TECHNICAL STUDIOS),BAUHAUS (HIGHER SCHOOL OF CONSTRUCTION AND ARTISTIC DESIGN)
ВХУТЕМАС,БАУХАУЗ,НЕМЕЦКАЯ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА ПЕРВОЙ ТРЕТИ XX ВЕКА,THE GERMAN ART CULTURE OF THE FIRST THIRD OF XX CENTURY,СОВЕТСКАЯ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА ПЕРВОЙ ТРЕТИ XX ВЕКА,THE SOVIET ARTISTIC CULTURE OF THE FIRST THIRD OF THE XX CENTURY,ДИЗАЙН,DESIGN,АРХИТЕКТУРА,ARCHITECTURE,ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ В СФЕРЕ КУЛЬТУРУ,EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF CULTURE,РЕФОРМА ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ,ART EDUCATION REFORM,VHUTEMAS (HIGHER ART AND TECHNICAL STUDIOS),BAUHAUS (HIGHER SCHOOL OF CONSTRUCTION AND ARTISTIC DESIGN)
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