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Ловушки дифференциации в финансировании российских вузов

Ловушки дифференциации в финансировании российских вузов

Abstract

Objective: to identify the causes and consequences of the increasing stratification of higher educational institutions by the volumes and sources of financing, as well as by the areas of training. Methods: during the research we used methods of statistical and economic analysis of the results of the universities’ activities. Using econometric models, the relationships were estimated of the resource base of higher education, industrial and economic potential of Russian regions; an empirical analysis of factors influencing the increasing public demand for higher education was conducted. Results: the trends of structural changes in the demand for higher education in Russia during the period from 2001 to 2014 were described, the regional differentiation of financial provision of higher educational institutions in the transition to effective contract work was evaluated. The major risks were identified, associated with: the structural mismatch of the demand for higher education from families and the offer of admission quotas for the budget-funded education; with increasing regional differentiation, which provokes the separation of the Russian universities by the volumes and sources of financial provision; with high commitments to increase the salaries of the teaching staff leading to a shortage of funds for maintenance of the property complex and ensuring of the educational process, which jeopardizes the quality of educational programs’ implementation. Scientific novelty: basing on the empirical analysis using econometric models, the tendencies are identified of structural changes in the demand for higher education in the Russian regions; the impact is assessed of the economic crisis and the payable demand of families on the financial provision of universities; risks are identified and justified in the differentiation of Russian universities’ financing. Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used by experts in the field of Economics and Management in designing financial provision and development strategies of higher educational organizations.

Цель: выявление причин и последствий усиливающегося расслоения вузов по объемам и источникам финансирования, а также по направлениям подготовки. Методы: в процессе исследования использовались методы статистического и экономического анализа результатов деятельности вузов. С применением эконометрической модели оценены взаимосвязи ресурсной базы высшего образования, производственного и экономического потенциала регионов России, проведен эмпирический анализ факторов, влияющих на повышение общественного спроса на высшее образование. Результаты: выявлены тенденции структурных изменений спроса на высшее образование в России за период с 2001 по 2014 гг., оценена региональная дифференциация финансового обеспечения вузов при переходе на эффективный контракт. Определены основные риски-ловушки, связанные со структурным рассогласованием спроса на высшее образование со стороны семей и предложений контрольных цифр приема по направлениям подготовки за счет бюджетных средств, с усиливающейся региональной дифференциацией, провоцирующей расслоение вузов России по объемам и источникам финансового обеспечения, с завышенными обязательствами по повышению зарплаты профессорско-преподавательского состава, приводящим к нехватке средств на содержание имущественного комплекса и обеспечение учебного процесса, что ставит под угрозу качество реализации образовательных программ. Научная новизна: на основе эмпирического анализа, проведенного с использованием эконометрической модели, определены тенденции структурных изменений спроса на высшее образование в регионах России; оценено влияние экономического кризиса и платежеспособного спроса семей на финансовое обеспечение вузов; выявлены и обоснованы риски-ловушки дифференциации в финансировании вузов России. Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы специалистами в области экономики и менеджмента при проектировании финансового обеспечения и стратегий развития организаций высшего образования.

Keywords

ЭКОНОМИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ НАРОДНЫМ ХОЗЯЙСТВОМ,СПРОС НА ВЫСШЕЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ,НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПОДГОТОВКИ,КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЦИФРЫ ПРИЕМА,ЧИСЛЕННОСТЬ СТУДЕНТОВ,ПЛАТНОЕ ОБУЧЕНИЕ,ИСТОЧНИКИ ДОХОДОВ ВУЗОВ,ЗАРАБОТНАЯ ПЛАТА ПРОФЕССОРСКО-ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛЬСКОГО СОСТАВА,ECONOMY AND NATIONAL ECONOMY MANAGEMENT,DEMAND FOR HIGHER EDUCATION,TRAINING AREAS,TARGET ADMISSION,NUMBER OF STUDENTS,PAID TRAINING,SOURCES OF INCOME OF UNIVERSITIES,SALARY OF THE TEACHING STAFF

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    popularity
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold