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Комплексная оценка эффективности энергоустановок с использованием возобновляемых источников энергии

Комплексная оценка эффективности энергоустановок с использованием возобновляемых источников энергии

Abstract

A comprehensive assessment of the efficiency of power plants using renewable energy sources (RES) is performed. Under the existing tariff for heat energy, the minimum allowable cost of solar collectors of solar heating units (SHU) at a payback period of 7.0 years should not exceed 2 300 rub/m 2. The capital expenditures on the proposed SHU of gravitational type are 1.4-1.6 times lower than those on the traditional SHU of the circulation type, while the payback period does not exceed 5.0-5.7 years. When the electricity tariff in the Astrakhan region is 3.76 rub/(kW∙h), the minimum allowable specific capital investments in wind turbines with a payback period of 7.0 years should not exceed 46 000 rub/kW. The wind turbines produced by LLC "GRC-Vertical", American company "Falcon Euro" and the original proposed combinations of wind turbines have good technical and economical parameters. The calculations show that the cost of biogas produced at biogas installations (BI) with an average and high power is lower than the price of natural gas at domestic market reaching now 120 $/thousand m 3. The cost price of the biogas produced by the BI of low power is 80-270 $/thousand m 3, when used for heating the biomass of renewable energy sources it decreases up to 30-100 $/thousand m 3. Taking into account the significant capital expenditures on construction and exploitation of gas networks in far rural areas in many regions in Russia, the use of the biogas installations of not only high and average power but also of low power can be economically profitable even now for heat and gas supply for many consumers. Key words: solar water heaters, windmill, biogas installations, thermal energy, electrical energy, cost of installations.

Выполнена комплексная оценка эффективности энергоустановок, использующих возобновляемые источники энергии (ВИЭ). При существующем тарифе на тепловую энергию минимально допустимая стоимость гелиоколлекторов солнечных водонагревательных установок (СВУ) при сроке окупаемости 7,0 года не должна превышать 2,3 тыс. руб./м 2. Капитальные затраты на предлагаемые СВУ гравитационного типа в 1,4-1,6 раза ниже, чем на традиционные СВУ циркуляционного типа, а срок окупаемости не превышает 5,0-5,7 года. При тарифе на электроэнергию в Астраханской области 3,76 руб./(кВт∙ч) минимально допустимые удельные капитальные вложения в ветроэнергоустановки (ВЭУ) при сроке окупаемости 7,0 года не должны превышать 46 тыс. руб./кВт. Хорошими технико-экономическими показателями обладают ВЭУ ООО «ГРЦ-Вертикаль», ВЭУ американской фирмы «Falcon Euro» и предлагаемые оригинальные комбинированные ВЭУ. Расчеты показывают, что себестоимость биогаза, получаемого на биогазовых установках (БГУ) средней и большой мощности, ниже цены на природный газ на внутреннем рынке, достигающей в настоящее время 120 долл./тыс. м 3. Себестоимость биогаза, вырабатываемого БГУ малой мощности, составляет 80-270 долл./тыс. м 3, а при применении для подогрева биомассы ВИЭ снижается до 30-110 долл./тыс. м 3. С учетом значительных капитальных затрат на строительство и эксплуатацию газовых сетей в отдаленных сельских районах во многих регионах России, использование БГУ не только большой и средней, но и малой мощности может быть экономически оправданным уже в настоящее время для теплогазоснабжения многих типов потребителей.

Keywords

СОЛНЕЧНЫЕ ВОДОНАГРЕВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ УСТАНОВКИ, ВЕТРОЭНЕРГОУСТАНОВКИ, БИОГАЗОВЫЕ УСТАНОВКИ, ТЕПЛОВАЯ ЭНЕРГИЯ, ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКАЯ ЭНЕРГИЯ, СТОИМОСТЬ УСТАНОВОК

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold