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Организация труда и управления в колхозах на Урале в годы Великой Отечественной войны

Организация труда и управления в колхозах на Урале в годы Великой Отечественной войны

Abstract

In the context of a weakening of the material and technical base of agriculture and reducing the workforce of the village with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War was required to manage and work in collective farms so that the maximum use of available reserves. One of the most important tasks of the military economy was the restructuring of the forms of management and labor organization, and adaptation to the new conditions. This was manifested, in particular, development of the system, creation of complex cleaning of links with constant composition. Explores strengthened in wartime, the violation of democratic principles of management of collective farms. It's including the removal of peasants from the participation in the affairs of cooperatives contrary to regulations, swelling of administrative and managerial staff, the strict regulation of top internal regulations of work and rest in collective farms, etc. In the years of war has intensified the administrative-command methods of management of collective farms, have reached their limit. Collective farms were deprived of the residue of economic independence and delivered in a complete dependence from the district authorities. This led to a gross administration, the number of incidents of abuse from the side of party and Soviet authorities, who were not responsible for the results of economic activity of the collective. All this alienated the workers from the public economy, fettered their initiative, contributed to the outflow of the rural population and, ultimately, ruining the economy of collective farms.

В условиях ослабления материально-технической базы сельского хозяйства и сокращения трудовых ресурсов села с началом Великой Отечественной войны требовалось организовать управление и труд в колхозах таким образом, чтобы максимально использовать имеющиеся резервы. В связи с этим одной из важнейших задач военной экономики стала перестройка форм управления и организации труда, приспособление их к новым условиям. Это проявилось, в частности, развитие звеньевой системы, создание комплексных уборочных звеньев с постоянным составом. Исследуются усилившиеся в условиях военного времени нарушение демократических основ управления колхозами. В том числе отстранение крестьян от участия в делах сельхозартелей, разбухание административно-управленческого аппарата, жесткая регламентация сверху внутреннего распорядка труда и отдыха в колхозах и т. д. В годы войны еще более усилились административно-командные методы управления колхозами, достигшие своего предела. Колхозы были лишены остатков хозяйственной самостоятельности и поставлены в полную зависимость от районного руководства. Это приводило к грубому администрированию, многочисленным злоупотреблениям со стороны партийных и советских органов, которые не несли ответственности за результаты хозяйственной деятельности колхозов. Все это отчуждало тружеников от общественного хозяйства, сковывало их инициативу, способствовало оттоку сельского населения и, в конечном счете, разрушало экономику колхозов.

Keywords

КОЛХОЗ, УПРАВЛЕНИЕ, УРАЛ, ВЕЛИКАЯ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННАЯ ВОЙНА, ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ТРУДА, МАШИННО-ТРАКТОРНЫЕ СТАНЦИИ, ОБЩЕЕ СОБРАНИЕ КОЛХОЗА, УПОЛНОМОЧЕННЫЕ, ПРАВЛЕНИЕ КОЛХОЗА, ПРЕДСЕДАТЕЛЬ КОЛХОЗА, КОЛХОЗНИКИ, АДМИНИСТРАТИВНО-УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКИЙ АППАРАТ, ТРУДОДЕНЬ, РАСПОРЯДОК РАБОЧЕГО ДНЯ, БРИГАДА, ЗВЕНО, ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВО

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold