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Изучение природных и культурных ландшафтов железного века в долине Москвы-реки методами палинологии и археологии

Изучение природных и культурных ландшафтов железного века в долине Москвы-реки методами палинологии и археологии

Abstract

The paper presents results of archaeological and paleobotanical investigations in the valley of the Moskva-river, aimed at studying features of economic activity and spatial organization of land use in the Iron Age (VIIIVI cc. B.C. V c. A.D.). Subject to detailed consideration being the specificity of formation of pollen spectra in the cultural layer of Dyakovo settlement, preventing from using those for general reconstruction of the regional vegetation. It was established that, using spores and pollen method, the signs of presence of developed agriculture, together with long-term anthropogenic changes in the landscapes, could be fixed only in the areas of intensive economic development immediately around the settlements, practically unnoticeable beyond their bounds. It is suggested that despite dense population in the valley of the Moskva-river in the Iron Age, the cultivated parts of the landscapes were of a «focused» character with stable boundaries. This considerably distinguished them from the medieval ones, when it was a much bigger territory, compared with the Iron Age, involved into agricultural circulation.

Представлены результаты археолого-палеоботанических исследований в долине Москвы-реки, направленных на изучение особенностей хозяйственной деятельности и пространственной организации землепользования в железном веке (VIII-VI вв. до н.э. V в. н.э.). Подробно рассмотрена специфика формирования пыльцевых спектров в культурном слое Дьякова городища, не позволяющая использовать их для реконструкции растительности региона в целом. Установлено, что признаки развитого земледелия и долговременных антропогенных изменений ландшафтов фиксируются спорово-пыльце-вым методом только в зонах интенсивного хозяйственного освоения вокруг городищ и почти не заметны за их пределами. Выдвинуто предположение о том, что, несмотря на густую заселенность долины Москвы-реки в железном веке, окультуренные участки ландшафтов имели «очаговый» характер с устойчивыми границами. Это существенно отличало их от средневековых, когда згачительно большая, чем в железном веке, территория была вовлечена в сельскохозяйственный оборот.

Keywords

ЖЕЛЕЗНЫЙ ВЕК, ДЬЯКОВСКАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, ДОЛИНА МОСКВЫ-РЕКИ, КУЛЬТУРНЫЕ ЛАНДШАФТЫ, ПОГРЕБЕННЫЕ ПОЧВЫ, СИСТЕМА ЗЕМЛЕПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ, СПОРОВО-ПЫЛЬЦЕВОЙ АНАЛИЗ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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