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Кризис ограничения средств и способы его преодоления в искусстве и науке образования

Кризис ограничения средств и способы его преодоления в искусстве и науке образования

Abstract

Современное экономическое и социальное положение обусловило возникновение кризисной ситуации в области искусства, науки и образования. Результаты воздействия этого кризиса сказались и на методике преподавания курса физической и коллоидной химии (ФКХ) в вузах, а именно на важнейшей его форме лабораторном практикуме. В связи с сокращением финансирования государством фундаментальных наук и образования преподаватели ФКХ столкнулись с проблемами необходимости строгой экономии реактивов, недостатка приборов для проведения экспериментов, которые, в свою очередь, вызвали затруднения иного характера: нехватку рабочих мест для студентов, вынужденное упрощение лабораторных работ, нарушение корректной последовательности лекций и лабораторных работ. Указанные проблемы есть следствие природы обучения химической науке, которое требует серьезных финансовых вложений (в основном для приобретения реактивов и оборудования). Аналогичное явление можно наблюдать и в искусстве, например, кино, живопись, скульптура, архитектура предполагают большие затраты для того, кто занимается творческой деятельностью. Однако подавляющее большинство выдающихся творческих личностей, в числе которых писатель С. Цвейг, архитектор М. Фредерик, философы Б. Уильямс и Ж. Делёз и другие, уверены в созидательной природе кризиса. По их мнению, именно ограничения и лишения высвобождают творческий потенциал и открывают возможности для импровизации и развития гибкости, несут творческий заряд. Автор пытается перенести позицию, сложившуюся в искусстве, в область образования, в методику преподавания химии и физики, утверждая, что достичь образовательных целей можно и малыми средствами, а кризисная ситуация способна пробудить новые творческие возможности преподавателей-методистов.

The contemporary economic and social situation determined the crisis in the sphere of arts, science and education. The crisis also influenced the techniques of teaching physical and colloidal chemistry in higher schools, in particular, such major form of it as a laboratory session. Due to the limitation of state financing provided to fundamental sciences and education the physical and colloidal chemistry teachers have faced the necessity to be very thrifty in saving reagents and appliances for experimental activities. In turn it caused other difficulties: deficit of work places for students, induced simplification of laboratory activity, disorder of correct sequence of lectures and laboratory works. These problems are determined by the very nature of the chemistry teaching, which requires considerable financing (mainly for acquisition of reagents and appliances). There are similar trends in the arts, for instance, movie making, painting, sculpture, architecture require quite expenses for those involved in creative activities. However, many outstanding creative personalities, including writer S. Zweig, architect M. Frederick, philosophers B. Williams and G. Deleuze, and others are positive that a crisis has constructive nature. In their opinion, these are just the restrictions and hardship that release creative resources and open opportunities for improvisation and flexibility development. The author makes an attempt to transfer the situation formed in the arts to the education field, in particular, the techniques of teaching chemistry and physics, claiming that it is possible to achieve learning tasks by shoestring means, and the crisis may excite new creative resources of methodologist teachers.

Keywords

ЗАТРАТНЫЕ ОБЛАСТИ ИСКУССТВА И НАУКИ, НЕЗАТРАТНЫЕ ОБЛАСТИ ИСКУССТВА И НАУКИ, ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ КРИЗИС, СПОСОБЫ ВЫХОДА ИЗ КРИЗИСА, БЛАГОПРИЯТНЫЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ КРИЗИСА

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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