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Повышение эффективности солнечных водонагревательных установок

Повышение эффективности солнечных водонагревательных установок

Abstract

А comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of solar energy collectors (SЕС) and solar water heaters (SWH) is made. More improved SЕС due to a sharp decrease in the effective rate of heat loss have a higher energy efficiency, despite a slight decline (from 0.93 to 0.63) of optical efficiency of SЕС. Experimental SЕС have an energy efficiency of 0.54-0.57, i. e. not less than that of commercially available SЕС due to lower values of heat loss coefficient (2.8-5.8). It is necessary to use combined collectors-batteries, as well as combined collectors-batteries with thermal storage materials of a phase transition. Reducing heat loss in the pipes of the original flow (gravity) multistage SЕС to 5 % increases the energy efficiency of the pipelines to 0.95. Efficiency of SWH with experimental SEC is not lower than that of commercially available SWH and ranges from 0.54 to 0.57. Energy efficiency of SWH of gravitational type with multistage solar collector, equals to 0.51 is higher than for SWH of circulation type due to the absence of 15 % of heat loss in the return pipeline, therefore, in terms of energy, it is advisable to use SWH of gravitational type with multistage SЕС. The specific cost of the developed experimental SWH of gravitational type with multistage SЕС is by 2.5 times less than that for manufactured SWH and the payback period does not exceed 3-5 years.

Выполнена комплексная оценка эффективности коллекторов солнечной энергии (КСЭ) и солнечных водонагревательных установок (СВУ). Более совершенные КСЭ за счет резкого снижения эффективного коэффициента теплопотерь имеют более высокий энергетический КПД, несмотря на некоторое снижение (от 0,93 до 0,63) оптического КПД КСЭ. Экспериментальные КСЭ имеют энергетический КПД 0,54-0,57, т. е. не меньше, чем у серийно выпускаемых КСЭ, за счет меньших значений коэффициента теплопотерь (2,8-5,8). Целесообразно применять комбинированные коллекторы-аккумуляторы, а также комбинированные коллекторы-аккумуляторы с теплоаккумулирующими материалами фазового перехода. Сокращение потерь тепла в трубопроводах оригинальных проточных (гравитационных) многоступенчатых солнечных водонагревательных установок до 5 % повышает энергетический КПД трубопроводов до 0,95. КПД СВУ с экспериментальными КСЭ не ниже, чем у серийно выпускаемых СВУ и составляет от 0,54 до 0,57. Энергетический КПД СВУ гравитационного типа с многоступенчатым геликоллектором (ГТМГ), равный 0,51, больше, чем для СВУ циркуляционного типа за счет отсутствия 15 % теплопотерь в обратном трубопроводе, поэтому с энергетической точки зрения целесообразно применять СВУ ГТМГ. Удельная стоимость разработанных экспериментальных СВУ ГТМГ в 2,5 раза меньше, чем для выпускаемых СВУ, а срок окупаемости составляет не более 3-5 лет.

Keywords

КОЛЛЕКТОРЫ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ,СОЛНЕЧНЫЕ ВОДОНАГРЕВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ УСТАНОВКИ,МНОГОСТУПЕНЧАТЫЕ ГЕЛИОКОЛЛЕКТОРЫ,ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ,ТЕХНИКО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ,SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTORS,SOLAR WATER HEATERS,MULTISTAGE SOLAR COLLECTORS,ENERGY EFFICIENCY,TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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