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Альтернатива чистому пару в условиях неустойчивого увлажнения

Альтернатива чистому пару в условиях неустойчивого увлажнения

Abstract

A comparative evaluation of complete, seeded and green manured fallows was conducted. Several biological parameters of ordinary black earth fertility and yield of winter wheat in areas of unsteady moistening were reviewed. The results have confirmed that seeded and green manured fallows conduce increasing of organic matter in the soil. The number of undecomposed crop-root remains during tillering of winter wheat has doubled after the seeded fallows. After green manured fallow it increased in 5.8 times higher than with complete fallow. The most intensive biological processes occur in the 0-10 cm soil layer; the cellulolytic activity after sainfoin to green manure is 28% higher compared to the complete fallow and 6% higher compared to seeded fallows. The difference between the complete and seeded fallows in unsteady moistening areas influences the yield of winter wheat insignificantly. So, the inclusion of complete fallows is unreasonable in terms of the efficient usage of tillage. In addition, the green manured fallows must be cultivated to replenish the organic matter in the soil.

Проведена сравнительная оценка чистого, занятого и сидерального паров по некоторым биологическим показателям плодородия чернозема обыкновенного и урожайности озимой пшеницы в условиях зоны неустойчивого увлажнения. Результаты исследований подтверждают, что занятый и сидеральный пар способствует увеличению запасов органического вещества в почве. Количество не разложившихся пожнивно-корневых остатков в период кущения озимой пшеницы после занятого пара вдвое, а после сидерального в 5,8 раза выше, чем после чистого пара. Наиболее интенсивно биологические про-цессы идут в слое почвы 0-10 см, целлюлозолитическая активность после эспарцета на сидерат на 28 % выше по сравнению с чистым паром и на 6 % с занятым паром. По влиянию на урожайность озимой пшеницы разница между чистым и занятым паром в зоне неустойчивого увлажнения несущественна, поэтому включение в севообороты чистых паров не рационально с точки зрения эффективного использования пашни. Наряду с этим необходимо возделывать сидеральный пар для пополнения органического вещества в почве.

Keywords

ЧИСТЫЙ ПАР, ЗАНЯТЫЙ ПАР, СИДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ ПАР, РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ОСТАТКИ, ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ ПОЧВЫ, УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ, KEY WORDS: COMPLETE FALLOWS, THE YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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