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Параметры микроклимата коровника при беспривязной технологии в различные сезоны года

Параметры микроклимата коровника при беспривязной технологии в различные сезоны года

Abstract

Продуктивность сельскохозяйственных животных зависит от условий их содержания. Такие показатели микроклимата, как температура воздуха в помещении, освещенность, влажность и скорость движения воздуха, оказывают прямое воздействие на удой коров. Особенно это проявляется при беспривязной технологии содержания. Исследования параметров микроклимата показали, что скорость движения воздуха внутри коровника в летний период составила 0,70 м/с (норма 0,8-1,0 м/с), а в зимний 0,26 м/с (норма 0,3-0,4 м/с), влажность воздуха 55,7 и 74,8 % (70-85 %), температура воздуха +18,0 и -6,2 оС (норма +3 оС, в зимний период допускается снижение до -3... -5 оС), освещенность -1967 и 900 лк (норма 200-300 лк) соответственно. Соотношение площади бокового к верхнему освещению составило 1 : 4,2. Таким образом, в коровниках молочного комплекса животным созданы комфортные условия содержания, а за счет увеличенной площади верхнего освещения достигается лучшая и более продолжительная освещенность кормового стола. Это оказывает положительное влияние на время и скорость потребления корма. А это, в свою очередь, позволяет уменьшить время нахождения коровы у кормового стола и, соответственно, увеличить время отдыха животного, во время которого происходит усиленный синтез молока.

Productivity of livestock depends on the conditions of their keeping. The microclimate parameters, such as temperature of the air in the room, illumination, humidity and air velocity, have a direct impact on the milk yield cows. This is especially manifested at loose housing technology. Studies of microclimate parameters have shown that the velocity of the air inside the cowshed during the summer period was 0.70 m/s (the norm is 0.8-1.0 m/s), and in winter 0.26 m/s (the norm is 0.3-0.4 m/s), air humidity 55.7 and 74.8 % (70-85 %), temperature +18.0 °C and -6.2 °C (the norm is 3 °C, in winter may be reduced to -3... -5 °C), illumination 1967 and 900 lx (the norm is 200-300 lx), respectively. The ratio of the area of the lateral illumination to the upper illumination was 1 : 4.2. Thus, in the cowsheds of the dairy complex favorable conditions of keeping are created for animals, and due to the increased area of overhead illumination better and longer illumination of feed table is achieved. This has a positive impact on the time and rate of feed intake. This, in turn, can reduce the time of finding a cow at feed table and, therefore, increase the time of rest animal, during which there is intensive synthesis of milk.

Keywords

МИКРОКЛИМАТ, БЕСПРИВЯЗНАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ, ОСВЕЩЕННОСТЬ, ТЕМПЕРАТУРА, ВЛАЖНОСТЬ И СКОРОСТЬ ДВИЖЕНИЯ ВОЗДУХА

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold