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Физиологическое сопровождение психологической и социальной адаптации у первоклассников

Физиологическое сопровождение психологической и социальной адаптации у первоклассников

Abstract

The major reorganization of education system resulted in the cumulative problems related with parents and teachers concerns about physical and psychological well-being of children. The studies on different levels of adaptation during pupils’ accommodation in various types of schools help to resolve some of these problems. The use of appropriate methodology, including the analysis of heart rate variability, psychometric and sociometric questionnaires, specially designed for younger pupils, led to the following findings: the majority of schoolchildren do not experience substantial difficulties at school adaptation; their adaptive reserves are sufficient and they are not subject to the overexertion. Meanwhile, the psycho-physiological state of about 10 % of pupils demonstrated the significant waste of physical and mental resources. Such pupils could form the risk group in need of development of recommendations aiming to prevent the negative consequences of the adaptive overstress.

В связи со значительными перестройками системы образования накопилось много вопросов, связанных с опасением родителей и педагогов за физическое и психическое благополучие детей. Исследование разных уровней адаптационного процесса в период адаптации к школьному обучению в разных типах школ позволяет ответить на часть этих вопросов. Используя адекватные методики анализа вариабельности сердечного ритма, психометрического и социометрического анкетирования, разработанные специально для младших школьников, мы обнаружили, что большинство детей не испытывают значительных трудностей во время адаптации к школьной жизни, их адаптационные резервы достаточны и не подвергаются перенапряжению. Однако у части детей, составляющей около 10 %, психофизиологическое состояние свидетельствует о значительных энергетических и психических тратах, что позволило нам выделить их в группу риска и разработать рекомендации для предотвращения негативных последствий перенапряжения процессов адаптации.

Keywords

НАПРЯЖЕНИЕ АДАПТАЦИИ, КАРДИОИНТЕРВАЛОГРАММА, ВАРИАБЕЛЬНОСТЬ СЕРДЕЧНОГО РИТМА, УРОВНИ РЕГУЛЯЦИИ, ГОТОВНОСТЬ К ШКОЛЕ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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