Today in science intensive research is conducted to develop various types of models of forest ecosystems, which is caused by the complexity of the object under study and long duration of time of the processes of their dynamics. To study the dynamics of tree communities and their successful management tools of mathematical and computer modelling are widely used. This work offers the results of study and construction of an individual-based model of the forest stands dynamics. Modelling the forest stand dynamics develops of its each tree growth modelling, by means of differential equations and functions, which allow calculation of basic forest valuation characteristics: volume, height, trunk diameter and crown. The trees are located in one space and influence each other through competition for light. The model allows computational experiments with different sets of input data (different combinations of species and age structure of the stand). As the simulation results the researcher can obtain various statistics presented in the form of graphs, tables. Visualization of trees on the coordinate plane allows observing the spatial-temporal dynamics of the forest. The simulation results showed that the species having approximately the same growth rate and size but varying degrees of light transmission can not coexist long in the same area. Under the same growth parameters of both species, but varying degrees of light transmission, the kind that has a stronger shadowing, over time begins to suppress the competitor. If to change the growth rate of the depressed type, in particular, to reduce the maximum rate of photosynthesis, then we can ensure that the species will successfully coexist. The computational experiments carried out on modelling interspecific interactions of dark coniferous and light-loving species showed that the dark coniferous species of spruce, fir and cedar displace photophilous birch over time. Modelling the dynamics of the interaction of dark coniferous species of spruce, fir and cedar showed their sustainable coexistence, this corresponds to the reality. The simulation results showed that competitive interactions in the community is largely determined not only by the degree of shading, but largely depend on the rate of tree growth.

Рассмотрены результаты построения и исследования индивидуально-ориентированной модели, описывающей пространственно-временную динамику древесных сообществ. Проведены вычислительные эксперименты на основе эмпирических данных темнохвойных и светолюбивых пород. Показано, что конкурентные отношения в сообществе определяются реакцией вида на световой режим и не зависят от размеров дерева.