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Особенности проявления репродуктивной функции у зубра Европейского (bison bonasus) при полувольном содержании в условиях питомников

Особенности проявления репродуктивной функции у зубра Европейского (bison bonasus) при полувольном содержании в условиях питомников

Abstract

Авторами проанализированы материалы по размножению 62 зубриц зубрового питомника Окского заповедника за весь период его существования с 1960 по 2014 гг. Выяснено, что половой сезон у зубров продолжается с июля по апрель, пик половой активности наблюдается в сентябре. В крайние сроки полового сезона спариваются слабые, отставшие в росте особи и животные, имеющие в начале гона недостаточную упитанность, а также самки, отелившиеся в сентябре-октябре. В последние годы отмечена тенденция к увеличению полового сезона и смещению его сроков на более поздний период. Средняя продолжительность половой охоты у зубров составляет 24 ч (75,9% случаев), но может продолжаться до 7 сут. За половой сезон отмечается от 1 до 8 половых циклов, в среднем 2,7±0,22; многократные повторные половые циклы чаще наблюдаются у стареющих самок после 15-17 лет или у самок после неблагополучных отелов. Период между двумя отелами составляет 17,2 мес., при поздних осенне-зимних отелах интервал между отелами увеличивается до 30 мес. Практика раздельного содержания самцов и самок до достижения самками 3-х летнего возраста вызвала изменение возраста наступления половой зрелости с 2-4 лет до 4-5 лет, что замедляет скорость воспроизводства стада. Репродуктивный период у зубриц составляет в среднем 12,1 года (lim 9-19 лет), при этом от одной зубрицы получают в среднем 9 телят.

The paper analyses data on reproduction of 62 bison cows in the nursery of Oksky Nature Reserve for the entire period of its operation since 1960 to 2014. It was found out that breeding season in bison lasts from July to April with its peak in September. Weak animals with deviations in growth which demonstrate insufficient fatness by the breeding season start, as well as cows which had delivered calves in September October use the later period of the breeding season for mating. A tendency towards breeding season extension in the recent years was determined, with its overall shift to later period. Normally individual heat in bison cow takes 24 hours (75.9%) but it may last up to 7 days. 1 to 8 heat cycles (average 2.7 ± 0.22) occurs in a cow during one breeding season; multiple repeated heat cycles are more frequently observed in cows of 15-17 years and older or in cows after bad calving. Inter-calving period is 17.2 months; the period may elongate to 30 months in case of late autumn and winter calving. Separate housing of bulls and cows till age of 3 years has led to sexual maturity in cows postponed from age 2 4 years to 4 5 years, hence slower herd reproduction. Average reproductive range in bison cows is 12.1 years (lim 9 19 years), and each cow delivers average of 9 calves.

Keywords

ЗУБР BISON BONASUS,РЕПРОДУКЦИЯ,ПОЛОВОЗРАСТНАЯ СТРУКТУРА СТАДА,ПОЛОВОЙ СЕЗОН,ЭСТРУС,ПОЛОВОЙ ЦИКЛ,ОТЕЛ,ПОЛОВАЯ ЗРЕЛОСТЬ,РЕПРОДУКТИВНЫЙ ПЕРИОД

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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