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Эколого-ценотическая и фитохимическая характеристика какалии копьевидной западного Забайкалья

Эколого-ценотическая и фитохимическая характеристика какалии копьевидной западного Забайкалья

Abstract

In the article the results of study of Cacalia hastata L. ecological and phytocenotic neighborhood in the conditions of Western Transbaikalia are presented. It is identified that Cacalia hastata in the studied territory doesn’t form a large bush and is timed to communities with good soil moisture conditions where the undergrowth of resident species is expressed: Rosa acicularis, Ribes nigrum, R. spicatum, Swida alba, Spiraea salicifolia. Constant companions of C. hastata in the first grass layer are: Heracleum dissectum, Equisetum pretense, Thalictrum baicalense, Calamagrostis langsdorfii. The determination of medicinal raw materials reserves of Cacalia hastata has shown that the yield of airdry raw materials of this type varies from 14.59 to 22,62 g/m 2. The maximum value of this parameter is marked for bird cherry forb (22.62 g/m 2), the minimum for pine forb-reed (14.59 g/m 2). Operating reserve of air-dry raw Cacalia hastata in the studied cenopopulations is low (18,05-95,20 kg) and insufficient for industrial harvesting. At the same time the Cacalia hastata widespread in the Transbaikal region and these reserves of raw materials can satisfy the needs of local population. The influence of habitat conditions on the content of alkaloids sums in some organs of Cacalia hastata is considered. It is identified that the BAS content in the organs of Cacalia hastata is not constant and changes in the course of individual growth of the plant. The study of the influence of seasonal rhythm and habitats on the BAS content (including microelements) allows identification of terms and places of herbal raw materials gathering that is characterized by the optimal accumulation of the BAS.

В статье приведены результаты изучения эколого-фитоценотической приуроченности Cacalia hastata L. в условиях Западного Забайкалья. Установлено, что Cacalia hastata на исследуемой территории не образует больших зарослей и приурочена к сообществам с хорошими условиями увлажнения почвы, в которых выражен подлесок из постоянно присутствующих видов: Rosa acicularis, Ribes nigrum, R. spicatum, Swida alba, Spiraea salicifolia. Постоянные спутники С. hastatа в первом травяном ярусе Heracleum dissectum, Equisetum pmtense, Thalictrum baicalense, Calamagrostis langsdorfii. Определение запасов лекарственного сырья Cacalia hastata показало, что урожайность воздушно-сухого сырья этого вида варьирует от 14,59 до 22,62 г/м 2. Максимальное значение этого параметра отмечается для черемушника разнотравного (22,62 г/м 2), минимальное сосняка разнотравно-вейникового (14,59 г/м 2). Эксплуатационный запас воздушно-сухого сырья Cacalia hastatа в исследуемых ценопопуляциях низкий (18,05-95,20 кг) и недостаточен для осуществления промышленной заготовки. В то же время широкое распространение какалии копьевидной на территории Забайкалья и указанные запасы сырья вполне могут удовлетворить запросы местного населения. Рассмотрено влияние условий местообитания на содержание суммы алкалоидов в отдельных органах какали копьевидной. Установлено, что содержание БАВ в органах Cacalia hastata не является постоянным, а изменяется в процессе индивидуального развития растения. Изучение влияния сезонного ритма и местообитания на содержание БАВ (в том числе и микроэлементов) позволяет определить сроки и места сбора растительного сырья, характеризующегося оптимальным накоплением БАВ.

Keywords

ЭКОЛОГО-ЦЕНОТИЧЕСКАЯ ПРИУРОЧЕННОСТЬ, БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫЕ ВЕЩЕСТВА, ЭЛЕМЕНТНЫЙ СОСТАВ, ФАЗА ВЕГЕТАЦИИ, ДИНАМИКА НАКОПЛЕНИЯ, СЫРЬЕВАЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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