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Влияние удобрений на урожайность и биоэнергетическую эффективность технологий возделывания сельскохозяйственных культур в севообороте

Влияние удобрений на урожайность и биоэнергетическую эффективность технологий возделывания сельскохозяйственных культур в севообороте

Abstract

Целью исследований являлось изучение сравнительной эффективности различных средств химизации и биологизации, применяемых в семипольном севообороте: пар чистый – озимая пшеница 1 – яровая пшеница 1 – горох – озимая пшеница 2 – яровая пшеница 2 – ячмень в течение полной ротации (2005–2012 гг.). Исследования проведены в Ульяновской области. Схема опыта включала 8 вариантов (1. Контроль, 2. NPK на планируемую урожайность, 3. Навоз 25 т/га, 4. Навоз 50 т/га, 5. Осадки сточных вод (ОСВ) 12,5 т/га, 6. ОСВ 25 т/га, 7. Сидерат, 8. Солома + N115), которые изучались на 3 фонах: первый контроль (нулевой фон), второй – диатомит 5 т/га (высококремнистая порода), третий – в день посева семена обработали биологическими препаратами (озимая пшеница – Флавобактерин яровая пшеница и ячмень – Ризоагрин, горох – Ризоторфин). Почва опытного поля чернозем выщелоченный среднемощный тяжелосуглинистый. Установлено, что сидерат (викоовсяная смесь) и солома, применяемые в качестве органического удобрения по агрономической эффективности не уступают минеральным удобрениям, вносимым с расчетом на планируемую урожайность, а так же навоза 25 т/га и ОСВ 12,5 т/га. Прибавка урожайности зерна в среднем за ротацию севооборота составила: по варианту с внесением N140Р95К175 – 0,31 т/га (12 %), навоза 25 т/га – 0,40 т/га (16 %), ОСВ 12,5 т/га (14 %), сидерата – 0,35 т/га (14 %), соломы – 0,33 т/ га (13 %). Последние варианты с учетом затрат энергии гумуса на формирование урожайности культур наиболее энергетически эффективны. Применение биопрепаратов позволяет получать значительную прибавку урожайности культур при относительно небольших энергетических затратах, связанных с их использованием.

The aim of the research was to study the comparative efficiency of different chemicals and biologization used in semipolar crop rotation: steam pure – winter wheat 1 – spring wheat 1 – pea – winter wheat 2 – spring wheat 2 – barley during full rotation (2005-2012). The research conducted in the Ulyanovsk region. The experimental setup consisted of 8 variants (1. Monitoring, 2. NPK fertilizers on the planned yield, 3. Manure 25 t/ha, 4. Manure 50 t/ha, 5. Wastewater sludge (WWS) 12,5 t/ha, 6. WWS 25 t/ha, 7. Green manure, 8. Straw + N115), which were studied on 3 backgrounds: the first control (zero background), the second is diatomite 5 t/ha (high-silica rock), the third – on the day of sowing the seeds were treated with biological substance (winter wheat – Flavobacterium, spring wheat and barley – Risogrin, peas – Risotorphine). The experimental field soil is black soil leached loamy medium power. It was established that the green manure (vetch-oat mixture) and straw used as organic fertilizer on agronomic effective as mineral fertilizers on the planned yield, and manure 25 t/ha and WWS 12.5 t/ha. The grain yield gain of the crop rotation has comprised: in the variant with the entry of N140Р95К175 – 0,31 t/ha (12 %), manure 25 t/ha – 0.40 t/ha (16 %), WWS 12.5 t/ha (14 %), green manure – 0,35 t/ha (14 %), straw – 0.33 t/ha (13 %). The last options with the consideration of humus energy consumption are the most energy efficient on the formation of crop yields. The use of biologics provides a significant gain of crop yield with relatively low energy costs associated with their application.

Keywords

минеральные, органические и нетрадиционные удобрения, биоэнергетическая эффективность

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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