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Распределение техногенных и естественных радионуклидов в лесных экосистемах заповедника «Большая Кокшага»

Распределение техногенных и естественных радионуклидов в лесных экосистемах заповедника «Большая Кокшага»

Abstract

Assessment results of radioactive nuclides (cesium-137; potassium-40; radium -226; thorium -232) distribution in horizontal and vertical forest ecosystems of «Bolshaya Kokshaga» natural reserve for the purpose of basic radioecological monitoring are offered. A detailed gamma spectrometric survey and assessment of space distribution of anthropogenic radionuclides and radionuclides of natural origin, spectral measurements of tests of plants and mushrooms are carried out at the sampling plots (lichenous and sphagnous pine forest and nettle oak forest) for the first time. It was determined that the level of soil contamination with cesium-137 is 0,8–1,0 kBq/m 2; at that, 60–70 % of radionuclides are located in the top soil (5–10 cm). The content of natural radionuclides (radium, thorium and potassium) in the considered ecosystems is formed by mineral composition of soil material: there are practically no natural radionuclides in sandy soil but the content of potassium and thorium is 3-6 times higher in alluvious clayey soil. Space distribution of cesium-137 and potassium-40 is as a rule of normal and regular nature, distribution of heavy radionuclides of natural origin is lognormal. The power of equivalent dose of gamma radiation is 0,01–0,02 mcSv/h. A significant content of cesium-137 (30–60 Bq /kg) was found in vegetation and, consequently, in the underlay (60–70 Bq /kg) of pine community, heavy radionuclides of natural origin were not found in the community. Among all the components of the community, maximum level of accumulation of anthropogenic radionuclides was found in the kames (up to 1700 Bq /kg of dry weight).

Приведены результаты оценки распределения радионуклидов цезия-137, калия-40, радия-226 и тория-232 в горизонтальной и вертикальной структуре лесных экосистем заповедника «Большая Кокшага» для целей фонового радиоэкологического мониторинга. На пробных площадях (сосняк лишайниково-мшистый и дубняк крапивный) впервые проведена детальная гамма-спектрометрическая съёмка и оценка пространственного распределения техногенных и природных радионуклидов, спектрометрические измерения проб растений и грибов. Установлено, что уровень загрязнения почвы цезием-137 составляет 0,8–1,0 кБк/м 2, причем 60–70 % радионуклидов сосредоточено в верхнем 5–10 см слое. Содержание природных радионуклидов радия, тория и калия в рассмотренных экосистемах определяется минералогическим составом почвообразующих пород: в песчаной почве они практически отсутствуют, в аллювиальной глинистой почве содержание калия и тория в 3–6 раз выше. Пространственное распределение цезия-137 и калия-40 носит нормальный, как правило, однородный характер, распределение тяжёлых природных радионуклидов – логнормально. Мощность эквивалентной дозы гамма-излучения составляет 0,01–0,02 мкЗв/ч. Значимое содержание цезия-137 (30–60 Бк/кг) отмечено в растительности и, следовательно, в подстилке (60–70 Бк/кг) соснового биоценоза, тяжёлые природные радионуклиды – отсутствуют. Среди компонентов биоценозов максимальный уровень накопления техногенных радионуклидов отмечен в плодовых телах грибов (до 1700 Бк/кг сухой массы).

Keywords

ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЕ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ, ЦЕЗИЙ-137, КАЛИЙ-40, РАДИЙ-226, ТОРИЙ-232, РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ МОНИТОРИНГ, ЛЕСНАЯ ЭКОСИСТЕМА

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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