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Ферментативная активность воздушно-сухих и водоустойчивых агрегатов почв разного вида использования

Ферментативная активность воздушно-сухих и водоустойчивых агрегатов почв разного вида использования

Abstract

Изучены уровни ферментативной (пероксидазной, полифенолоксидазной и каталазной) активности в воздушно-сухих структурных отдельностях 1-2 мм и выделенных из них водоустойчивых агрегатов. В работе использованы образцы дерново-подзолистой почвы (под лесом и в пахотном варианте) и типичных тяжелосуглинистых черноземов (Курская область) многолетних полевых опытов: бессменный черный пар с 1964 г., залежь с 1998 г. после бессменного черного пара с 1964 г., ежегоднокосимая степь. Пероксидазная и полифенолоксидазная активности имели примерно одинаковый уровень и высокую изменчивость от 5 до 22 и от 2 до 30 ммоль/(г ч) соответственно, каталазная активность была ниже от 2 до 7 ммоль/(г ч). В большинстве случаев ферментативная активность в водоустойчивых агрегатах была выше по сравнению с сухими структурными отдельностями. Пероксидазную активность в водоустойчивых агрегатах можно рассматривать как индикатор смещения равновесия в процессах круговорота органического вещества в почвах. В дерново-подзолистых почвах полифенолоксидазная активность была сосредоточена в водоустойчивых агрегатах, а в черноземах она более равномерно распределена между структурными отдельностями. Каталаза в отличие от ферментов углеродного цикла (пероксидазы и полифенолоксидазы) не отражала ни типовую принадлежность почв, ни особенности их использования.

Under study were the levels of enzymatic (peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and catalase) activity in air-dry structural particles 1-2 mm thick and waterstable aggregates extracted from the samples of soddy-podzolic soils (under forest and in crop) and typical chernozems used in long-term field experiments including the resting black fallow since 1964, the barren land after the fallowing since 1998 and annually mowed steppe. Peroxodase and polyphenoloxidase activities display approximately similar level being highly changed from 5 to 22 and 2 to 30 mmol/g respectively, whereas the catalase activity seems to be lower from 2 to 7 mmol/g. In the major cases the fermentative activity in waterstable soil aggregates is higher as compared to air-dry structural particles. The peroxidase activity in waterstable aggregates can be considered as an indicator for displacing equilibrium in processes of the organic matter turnover in soils. In soddy-podzolic soils the polyphenoloxidase activity is concentrated in waterstable aggregates, in chernozems it is evenly distributed between structural particles. As distinct from the ferments of carbon cycle (peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase) the catalase activity doesn’t depend on the soil type and its peculiar use.

Keywords

ПЕРОКСИДАЗНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ,ПОЛИФЕНОЛОКСИДАЗНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ,КАТАЛАЗНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ,ОРГАНИЧЕСКОЕ ВЕЩЕСТВО ПОЧВ,ВОДОУСТОЙЧИВЫЕ АГРЕГАТЫ,МНОГОЛЕТНИЕ ПОЛЕВЫЕ ОПЫТЫ,ДЕРНОВО-ПОДЗОЛИСТЫЕ ПОЧВЫ,ТИПИЧНЫЕ ЧЕРНОЗЕМЫ,PEROXIDASE,POLYPHENOLOXIDASE AND CATALASE ACTIVITY,SOIL ORGANIC MATTER,WATERSTABLE AGGREGATES,LONG-TERM FIELD EXPERIMENTS,SODDY-PODZOLIC SOILS,TYPICAL CHENOZEMS

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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