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Процессы первичного почвообразования на нефелинсодержащих отходах (на примере хвостохранилищ ОАО «Апатит»)

Процессы первичного почвообразования на нефелинсодержащих отходах (на примере хвостохранилищ ОАО «Апатит»)

Abstract

A primary soil-forming process can take place on the concentration waste of apatite-nepheline ores, whose biological recultivation was carried out more than 40 years ago. This process is characterized by the following features: forming of a thin litter with the content of organic carbon at the level of 8-12%, accumulation of humic substances in the sub-litter layer and the change of рН values. Microorganisms are biocatalysts of primary soil formation processes and one of the main factors, that determine the specificity of this process. The prokaryotic complex of the newly formed soils, generated from nepheline sands, is considerably different from that of zonal soils on moraine sediments. The former ones are dominated by gram-positive bacteria, mainly actinobacteria, as well as by their filamentous forms (actinomycetes), whereas the latter ones are dominated by gram-negative bacteria. A common feature of invertebrate"s complexes in nepheline sands is the low species diversity, small-size and quickly development of microfauna and mesofauna representatives and the dependence of succession of microarthropods pioneer groups on the succession of bacteria and fungi. The recultivation of nepheline sands, carried out 40 years ago, provided prerequisites for the formation of complexes of bacteria and micromycetes, typical for regional podzolic soils.

На отходах обогащения апатит-нефелиновых руд, биологическая рекультивация которых была проведена более 40 лет назад, протекает первичный почвообразовательный процесс, который характеризуется следующими признаками: формированием маломощной подстилки с содержанием органического углерода на уровне 8-12%, накоплением гумусовых веществ в подподстилочном слое, изменением реакции среды. Биокатализаторами процессов первичного почвообразования и одним из главных факторов, определяющих специфику этого процесса, являются микроорганизмы. Прокариотный комплекс новообразованных почв, сформировавшихся на нефелиновых песках, существенно отличается от прокариотного комплекса зональных почв на моренных отложениях. В нем доминируют грамположительные бактерии, в основном актинобактерии, в том числе и их мицелиальные формы, тогда как в зональных почвах преобладают грамотрицательные бактерии. Общими чертами фаунистических комплексов в нефелиновых песках являются низкое видовое разнообразие, заселение мелкоразмерными и быстроразвивающимися представителями микрои мезофауны, зависимость сукцессии пионерных групп микроартропод от сукцессии бактерий и грибов. Рекультивация нефелиновых песков, выполненная 40 лет назад, создала предпосылки для формирования комплексов почвенной биоты, типичных для региональных подзолистых почв

Keywords

ПРОЦЕССЫ ПОЧВООБРАЗОВАНИЯ, НЕФЕЛИНОВЫЕ ПЕСКИ, ОРГАНИЧЕСКИЙ МАТЕРИАЛ, ПОЧВЕННАЯ БИОТА

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    popularity
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    influence
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green