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Возможности использования нетрадиционных удобрений в сибирском земледелии

Возможности использования нетрадиционных удобрений в сибирском земледелии

Abstract

Обеспечение продовольственной безопасности страны невозможно без повышения и стабилизации урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур в Сибири. Пути решения проблемы лежат в значительной мере в плоскости усиления агрохимической составляющей земледелия региона. Формирование урожая сельскохозяйственных культур в сибирском земледелии сегодня происходит в основном за счёт почвенного плодородия. Крайне низкий уровень применения традиционных органических и минеральных удобрений, а также постоянное отчуждение элементов минерального питания с товарной продукцией приводит к снижению плодородия почв. В современной экономической ситуации для улучшения обеспеченности растений питательными веществами и снижения их дефицита можно использовать местные агрохимические ресурсы. Рассматриваются возможности применения растительных и послеуборочных остатков, многолетних трав, зелёных и бактериальных удобрений, природных агроресуров (торф, торфовивианиты, сапропель, фосфориты и др.), сточных вод, промышленных и бытовых твёрдых отходов в качестве источников органического вещества и элементов минерального питания для сельскохозяйственных культур. Использование этих ресурсов в системах удобрений в севооборотах позволит сохранять плодородие почв, оптимизировать питание растений и стабильно получать высокие урожаи качественной рентабельной продукции, сохраняя экологически безупречный статус агроценозов.

Maintenance of food safety of the country is impossible without increase and stabilisation of productivity of agricultural crops in Siberia. Ways of solution of a problem lie appreciably in plane of strengthening of an agrochemical component of agriculture of region. Formation of yield of agricultural crops in the Siberian agriculture occurs now basically at the expense of soil fertility. Extremely low level of application traditional organic and mineral fertilizers and constant carring out of elements of mineral nutrition with commodity production leads to decrease in fertility of soils. In the modern economic situation for improvement of maintenance of plants by nutrients and decrease in their deficiency can be used local agrochemical resources. Possibilities of application the vegetative and postharvest rests, perennial grasses, green and bacterial fertilizers, natural agroresources (peat, torfovivianits, sapropel, phosphorites, etc.), industrial and household firm waste and sewage as sources of organic matter and elements of mineral nutrition for agricultural crops are considered. Use of these agroresources in systems of fertilizers in crop rotations allows to keep fertility of soils, to optimise plant nutrition and stably to receive big yields of qualitative profitable production, keeping the ecologically faultless status of agrocenosis.

Keywords

СИБИРСКОЕ ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЕ, НЕТРАДИЦИОННЫЕ УДОБРЕНИЯ, ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ ПИТАНИЯ, БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИСТОЧНИКИ, СОЛОМА, СИДЕРАТЫ, АЗОТФИКСАЦИЯ, ПРИРОДНЫЕ АГРОРЕСУРСЫ, ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЕ ОТХОДЫ, БЫТОВЫЕ СТОКИ

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    popularity
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    influence
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold