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Торгово-предпринимательская и общественная деятельность татар во Внутренней Киргизской Орде Астраханской губернии (конец XIX-начало ХХ вв. )

Торгово-предпринимательская и общественная деятельность татар во Внутренней Киргизской Орде Астраханской губернии (конец XIX-начало ХХ вв. )

Abstract

In the early 19 th century, by the assent of Alexander II the Astrakhan province at the left bank of the Volga River gets inhabited by the Kazakhs of the little jüs led by the Bukey Khan. Under his successor, Zhangir Khan the basic governing bodies of the Inner Kirghiz Horde were formed; new settlements were laid which hosted the administration and became centers of trade with the nomadic Kazakh population. At the turn of the 20 th century these communities became centers of trade and economic life of the Horde. The leading role in it within the described period was played by the Tatars coming from the Middle Volga and the Urals provinces, as well as from Astrakhan. Due to religious, ethnic and linguistic community with the Kazakh population, Tatars easily found a common language with the local population which favoured their trading success. Some representatives of the Tatar families managed within a very short time (one to two decades) to make significant capital out of it. Peculiarity of the Tatar entrepreneurship in the Horde consisted in the reciprocal nature of trade relations. Supplying the Kazakh population with products of the young Russian industry from the central provinces, Tatars bought their livestock products. These products, in their turn, were in high demand in cloth, leather, textile and other industries in Russia. In the early 20 th century the Tatar population of the Horde became actively involved in community activities. Cultural and educational society and "new method" schools were created that had a significant impact on the growth of national consciousness and the general level of development of the Tatar community. Despite modest results, they were a factor indicating the growth of social activity of the Tatar population in the Astrakhan province in particular and in the Russian Empire altogether.

В начале XIX века с разрешения Александра II в пределы Астраханской губернии, на левобережье Волги, переселяются казахи младшего жуза во главе с ханом Букеем. При его преемнике, хане Джангире, формируются основные органы управления Внутренней Киргизской Ордой, основываются и обустраиваются поселки, в которых оседает администрация и которые становятся центрами торговли с кочевым казахским населением. На рубеже XIX-XX вв. эти населенные пункты становятся центрами торгово-экономической жизни Орды, ведущую роль в которой, в рамках описываемого периода, занимают татары выходцы из средневолжских и приуральских губерний, а также астраханские татары. В силу религиозной, этнической, языковой общности с казахским населением татары легко находили понимание у местного населения, что позволило им развить успешную коммерцию. Некоторые представители татарских фамилий сумели в течение весьма короткого времени (одно-два десятилетия) составить значительные капиталы. Особенностью татарского предпринимательства в Орде был взаимообразный характер торговых отношений. Снабжая казахское население продукцией молодой российской промышленности из центральных губерний, татары покупали у него продукцию животноводства. Эта продукция в свою очередь была востребована в суконной, кожевенной, текстильной и других отраслях промышленности России. В начале ХХ века татарское население Орды активно включается в общественную деятельность. Создаются культурно-просветительское общество и «новометодные» учебные заведения, оказавшие значительное влияние на рост национального самосознания и общего уровня развития татарской общины. Несмотря на весьма скромные результаты деятельности, они явились фактором, демонстрирующим рост общественной активности в среде татарского населения Астраханской губернии в частности и в Российской империи вообще.

Keywords

ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ, ЭТНОКОНФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ ОБЩИНА, ЯРМАРОЧНАЯ ТОРГОВЛЯ, КУЛЬТУРНО-ПРОСВЕТИТЕЛЬСКОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО, ПАНТЮРКИЗМ, ПАНИСЛАМИЗМ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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