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Эколого-флористические особенности формирования спонтанной растительности парковой зоны г. Мелитополя

Эколого-флористические особенности формирования спонтанной растительности парковой зоны г. Мелитополя

Abstract

The article focuses on the research of ecological and floristic vegetation of Melitopol parkland with the development of the classification scheme of plant communities. It is presented in four parks belonging to the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine. Their area is about 75.5 hectares. These are such parks as the «Gorky Park,» the «Lisopytomnyk», the «Park near the railway station» and the «Park of the Institute of irrigation gardening.» Green area of Melitopol is 2.2 hectares. Wood plantations of the town consist mainly of exotic species. On the development of green spaces of the researched area on the conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine influence difficult edafo-climatic conditions of the territory. Almost all green areas of the city, including parks and treeshrub phytocoenoses are created artificially in the postwar years. Natural vegetation in different parts of the city of Melitopol preserved only in small spaces. Since natural phytocoenoses are almost absent, and Ukrainian scientists were not involved to the study of a spontaneous vegetation, so to it research we used the ecological and floristic method using « deductive « approach of K. Kopecky and S. Heine. As a result, the study founds that spontaneous vegetation of Melitopol parkland is represented by five classes: Robinietea Jurko ex Hadac et Sofron 1980 (city spontaneous woody vegetation), Chenopodietea Br.-Bl. 1951 em Lohm., J. et R.Tx. 1961 ex Matsz. 1962 (grouping of the first stages of succession renewable), Querco-Fagetea Br.-Bl. et Vlieger in Vlieger 1937 (group of mesophilic and mesoxerophilnic broadleaf deciduous forests on rich soils), Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. in Br.-Bl. 1949 (xerothermic and semi-xerothermic herbaceous species), Agropyretea repentis Oberd., Th. Mull. et Gors in Oberd, et al. 1967 (ruderal species with a predominance of perennial grasses). The article presents syntaxonomic vegetation schemes for each of the objects. Thus, we obtained the distribution of plant species identified in the park area of the city characterized by a certain degree of anthropogenic impact in its different parts. The research of ruderal communities in the parkland of the city is a necessary step for a scientific basis for monitoring of land which is affected by human, thus elevates the effectiveness of measures to optimize urban vegetation.

Статья посвящена эколого-флористическому исследованию растительности парковой зоны г. Мелитополяс составлением классификационной схемы ее синтаксонов. На процессы формирования зеленых насаждений исследуемой территории в условиях степной зоны Украины влияют сложные эдафо-климатические условия территории. Практически все зеленые насаждения города, в том числе и парковые древесно-кустарниковые фитоценозы, созданы искусственно в послевоенные годы. Естественная растительность в разных частях г. Мелитополя сохранилась лишь небольшими островками. Так как естественные фитоценозы почти отсутствуют, а изучением спонтанной растительности территории исследования украинские ученые не занимались, поэтому для ее исследования нами было использовано эколого-флористический метод с использованием «дедуктивного» подхода К. Копецки и С. Гейни. В результате изучения установлено, что спонтанная растительность парковой зоны г. Мелитополя представлена пятью классами: Robinietea Jurko ex Hadac et Sofron 1980 (городская спонтанная древесная растительность), Chenopodietea Вr.-Вl. 1951 em Lohm., J. et R.Tx. 1961 ex Matsz. 1962 (сообщества начальных стадий возобновляемых сукцесий), Querco Fagetea Br.-Bl. et Vlieger in Vlieger 1937 (сообщества мезофильных и мезоксерофильных широколиственных листопадных лесов на богатых почвах), Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. in Br.-Bl. 1949 (ксеротермные и полуксеротермные травянистые сообщества), Agropyretea repentis Oberd., Th. Mull. et Gors in Oberd, et al. 1967 (рудеральные сообщества с преобладанием многолетних злаков). Таким образом, полученное нами распределение выявленных синтаксонов в парковой зоне города характеризует определенную степень антропогенной нагрузки в его разных частях. Изучение рудеральных сообществ парковых насаждений города является необходимым этапом для создания научной основы при проведении мониторинга нарушенных человеком земель, что позволяет повысить эффективность мероприятий по оптимизации городской растительности.

Keywords

СПОНТАННАЯ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ,ПАРКОВАЯ ЗОНА,УРБОЭКОСИСТЕМЫ,СИНТАКСОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ СХЕМА,ЭКОЛОГОФЛОРИСТИЧЕСКИЙ МЕТОД

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold