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Биологическая активность почв еловых генетических резерватов Северного Приладожья

Биологическая активность почв еловых генетических резерватов Северного Приладожья

Abstract

Our major task was to study biological activity of the soils in spruce genetic reserves of Northern Ladoga area. The soil survey based on the regional classification revealed 5 types of soils most typical of the sample plots in question. Three pits (organogenic Leptosol, peaty Histosols and podbur) exposed soils over crystalline bedrock. Two pits exposed soils over loamy moraine (raw humus Cambisol and transitional bog peat-gley soil).One of the specific research tasks was to determine the structure and numerical strength of the principal ecotrophic groups of microorganisms in the surveyed soils, and to study functional activity of the microbial community in these soils. Soil samples for the microbial-biochemical analysis were taken by individual genetic horizons from five points on the pit wall throughout the profile. The abundance of heterotrophic soil microorganisms, which take part in the transformation of nitrogen-, carbon-bearing compounds, was determined by inoculation on dense elective culture media following the technique traditionally used in soil microbiology. The species composition of the soil microbial community was determined by the molecular method of GC-MS. Catalase activity was determined gasometrically following Kruglov and Paromenskaya. Having analyzed the resultant data we found out that the numbers of saprotrophic bacteria in the soils ranged from 10 3 to 10 7 CFU/g of soil. The rate and directivity of the organic matter microbial transformation in automorphic soils was higher, and the microbial activity of distribution patterns differs from that in hydromorphic soils. In terms of total microorganism numbers in the upper soil horizon, soils of the automorphic series formed the following upward sequence: typical raw humus Cambisol > medium thickness raw humus podbur > organogenic Leptosol. Catalase activity in the soils in question ranged from 2.7 to 41.0 гпЮ/5 min/g of soil. The index was the highest in the upper horizon of typical raw humus Cambisols, and the lowest in the mineral horizon of these soils at a depth of 45 cm. Application of the molecular method to the brown soil type yielded biotypes identified as prokaryotes, fungi, yeasts, protozoans, eukaryotes, Planta in horizons A0 and A1. We also found out that in terms of the abundance the dominant biotypes in the microbial community are presented by Caulobacter, Rhodococcus equi. High numerical strength was also demonstrated by Streptomyces-Nocardiopsis, Bacillus sp. The data from this study can be used in ecomicrobiological monitoring of soils in spruce stands, and serve as the basis for working out sanitary and hygienic indicators of soil quality in disturbed ecosystems.

Основная цель работы состояла в изучении биологической активности почв еловых генетических резерватов Северного Приладожья. Отбор почв для микробиально-биохимических анализов был произведен по генетическим горизонтам из стенки разреза из пяти точек на всю глубину разреза. Численность почвенных гетеротрофных микроорганизмов, которые принимают участие в трансформации азот-, углеродсодержащих соединений, определяли методом посева на плотные элективные питательные среды по традиционной в почвенной микробиологии методике. Определение видового состава микробного ценоза почв проводили молекулярным методом ГХ-МС. Активность каталазы устанавливали газометрически по методике Круглова, Пароменской. На основании полученных данных было установлено, что численность сапротрофных бактерий в изучаемых почвах изменялась в пределах от 10 3 до 10 7 КОЕ/г почвы. Было выявлено, что темп и направленность микробной трансформации органического вещества в автоморфных почвах выше, характер распределения микробиологической активности имеет особенности по сравнению с почвами гидроморфного ряда. По общей численности микроорганизмов в верхнем органогенном горизонте почвы автоморфных позиций ландшафта в порядке возрастания образовывали ряд: бурозем грубогумусный типичный > подбур сред-немощный грубогумусный > органогенная примитивная. Активность каталазы в исследуемых почвах изменялась в пределах от 2,7 до 41,0 млО 2/5 мин/г почвы. Максимальная активность каталазы отмечена в верхнем горизонте почв бурозема грубогумусного типичного, минимальная в минеральной толще данных почв на глубине 45 см. На примере почв буроземного типа в А0 и А1 горизонтах молекулярным методом были выделены биотипы, идентифицированные как: прокариоты, грибы, дрожжи, Protozoa, Eucariotes, Planta. Также установили, что доминируют по численности в микробном сообществе биотипы Caulobacter, Rhodococcus equi. Отмечали высокую численность Streptomyces-Nocardiopsis, Bacillus sp. Полученные данные могут быть использованы при эколого-микробиологическом мониторинге почв, сформировавшихся в еловых древостоях, а также стать основой при разработке санитарно-гигиенических показателей качества почв антропогенно нарушенных экосистем.

Keywords

СЕВЕРНОЕ ПРИЛАДОЖЬЕ,ЕЛОВЫЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕЗЕРВАТЫ,МИКРОБИАЛЬНО-БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ПОЧВ,NORTHERN LADOGA AREA,SPRUCE GENETIC RESERVES,MICROBIAL-BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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