The greatly enhanced awareness today of environmental problems has led to a resurgence of interest in all aspects of global environmental monitoring. The need to reduce pollution of the hydrosphere and to reduce the risk of damage from extreme environmental processes has led to a large increase in the number of theoretical and applied investigations in the field of global ecoinformatics. The growth of needs in practically all spheres of remote environmental monitoring has resulted in numerous problems arising from the many unsolved tasks including the assessment of important characteristics of the soil–plant formations and oceans. It has become a priority to develop new concepts and approaches for assessing and dealing with natural and man-made system dynamics. A major priority is global problems connected with creation of effective information technologies to data processing within the environment studies. The complexity, importance, and interdisciplinary nature of ecoinformatics allow the solution of many environmental problems by means of combined use of environmental monitoring systems and mathematical models. The main objective of the book lies in the working information technology for the combined use of modeling technology and remote sensing measurements in the assessment of environmental system states as well as to illustrate this technology with computer calculations for various environmental problems. Different tasks related to the assessment and prognosis of natural systems’ dynamics are solved based on the remote sensing measurements using mobile platforms. New information-modeling technology is proposed to be used for optimization of remote sensing monitoring systems. This technology is based on sets of computer algorithms for comprehensive analysis of data from global and regional monitoring systems. The chapters in the theoretical part of the book contain descriptions of rigorous algorithms and environmental models. The applied part considers specific problems of environmental dynamics in areas of different countries where on-site experiments were realized to test new information-modeling technology that enhances the GIS to GIMS. This book is the result of a detailed study of the environment by means of computer algorithms and simulation models. It describes the sets of algorithms and models for comprehensive analysis of data from global and regional monitoring systems. The main purpose of this book is to develop a universal informationmodeling technology to estimate the characteristics of environmental subsystems both at global and regional scales. Applied mathematicians, hydrologists, geophysicists, radiophysicists, and other researchers of the environment will find a wealth of information in this book. This book should prove useful to students in a variety of disciplines since it provides basic information in an interdisciplinary area and encourages students, through the references supplied, to seek out and to read the original monographs and articles cited. It should also be of interest to professionals in academia, in consulting offices, and government agencies, and to others responsible for the investigation, evaluation, and solution of complicated environmental issues. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.