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Історичні передумови та аналіз розвитку фотоелектрики у 50-х роках ХХ століття

Історичні передумови та аналіз розвитку фотоелектрики у 50-х роках ХХ століття

Abstract

У статті проведена історична реконструкція подій, які призвели до інтенсивного розвитку фотоелектрики у 50-х роках ХХ століття. Показано, що об’єктивними передумовами стали досягнення в розробці кремнієвих транзисторів, потреби промисловості в створенні автономних джерел енергії та широка міждисциплінарна кооперація при проведенні наукових досліджень. До суб’єктивних передумов слід віднести наполегливість, працездатність, наукову сміливість та безкорисну взаємодопомогу видатних дослідників Кевіна Фуллера, Джерельда Пірсона та Дарела Чапіна, які розробили фізичні основи конструктивно-технологічних рішень ефективних фотоелектричних перетворювачів на основі кремнію та успішно провели їх практичне апробування. В статье проведена историческая реконструкция событий, которые привели к интенсивному развитию фотоэлектрики в 50-х годах ХХ века. Показано, что объективными предпосылками стали достижения в разработке кремниевых транзисторов, потребности промышленности в создании автономных источников энергии и широкая междисциплинарная кооперация при проведении научных исследований. К субъективным предпосылкам следует отнести настойчивость, трудолюбие, научную смелость и бескорыстную взаимопомощь известных ученых Кевина Фуллера, Джерельда Пирсона и Дарела Чапина, которые разработали физические основы конструктивно-технологических решений эффективных фотоэлектрических преобразователей на основе кремния и успешно провели их практическую апробацию. This article presents the historical reconstruction of events that led to intensive development of photovoltaics in the 50-ies years of the twentieth century. Experimental and theoretical research in the field of photovoltaic cells to 50-ies years of the twentieth century were analyzed. The role of Edmund Becquerel, Willoughby Smith, William Adams, Richard Day, Charles Frittz, Albert Einstein in the development of physical principles of photovoltaic cells was determined. It was shown that up to 50 years of the twentieth century the development Photovoltaics had a significant impact on the industry as the effectiveness of existing at the time of photovoltaic cells not allow them to compete with electric generators. The objective conditions of photovoltaics were advances in the development of silicon transistors, the industry needs to create autonomous energy sources and a broad interdisciplinary cooperation in scientific research. Perseverance, hard work, courage and unselfish sscientific mutual prominent researchers Kevin Fuller, Gerald Pearson and Daryl Chapin are subjective conditions of rapid development photovoltaic. These scientists have withstood the attacks of competitors, disbelief own leadership through effective marketing and development to ensure its implementation and further development of the industry. They developed of the new physical approaches to optimize structural and technological solutions of the efficient photovoltaic cells on the silicon base. Objective and subjective preconditions led to a significant increase in the efficiency of photovoltaic cells on the silicon base compared with existing industrial analogues on the selenium base. It is possible to use photovoltaic cells as energy spacecraft and organize industrial production. Organization of stimulated further improve the efficiency of photovoltaic cells and the search for new fields of application.

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Keywords

фотоелектричні перетворювачі на основі кремнію, research, фотоэлектрические преобразователи на основе кремния, objective and subjective prerequisites, научные исследования, объективные и субъективные предпосылки, об’єктивні та суб’єктивні передумови, наукові дослідження, photovoltaic cells on silicon base

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green