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Prebiyotik üretimi

Authors: Ölçer, Zehra;

Prebiyotik üretimi

Abstract

The thesis work is on the development of novel and effective methods for the production of prebiotics, which are oligosaccharides stimulating the growth of beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium sp, Lactobacillus sp) in the human intestine. The beneficial bacteria have biological functions including resistance to gastrointestinal infections, restoration of bowel flora, and improvement of liver enzymes in human alcohol-induced liver injury. Prebiotics include isomaltooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, and galactooligosaccharides. In thesis, consisting of four chapters, production methods for isomaltooligosaccharides were studied.In the first chapters, Leuconostoc mesenteroides dextransucrase and Penicillum lilacinum dextranase were co-immobilized and used for the production of isomaltooligosaccharides from sucrose. Co-immobilization was carried out by encapsulating in alginate (beads, fibers, and capsules) of soluble dextransucrase and dextranase covalently attached to Eupergit C. The alginate capsule co-immobilization was resulted in a high immobilization yield (71%) retaining their activities for a month in storage. It was shown that co-immobilized enzymes could be used for the production of isomaltooligosaccharides from sucrose. In addition, the oligosaccharides produced, after addition of sucrose, were reacted with dextransucrase encapsulated in alginate fibers to increase the amount of prebiotics. The percentage of prebiotic oligosaccharides in sugar mixture was 43% (w/w).In the second chapter, high pure isomaltose was produced from a mixture of sucrose and glucose using co-immobilized dextransucrase-dextranase. Dextransucrase catalyzes the formation of dextran using glucosyl units of sucrose molecules releasing fructose as an acceptor to form leucrose. Dextranase hydrolyzes dextran forming oligosaccharides including isomaltose. The action of dextranase and presence of glucose almost completely eliminated acceptor activity of fructose and formation of dextran. Thus, a mixture composed of isomaltose, oligosaccharides, fructose and glucose was obtained. The sugar mixture was treated with yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to remove fructose and glucose. The purity of isomaltose obtained was 82% (w/w).In the third chapter, dextransucrase was modified with diethlypyrocarbonate (DEP) in the presence and absence of substrate and acceptors (maltose, lactose, fructose, glucose, and galactose. Under the conditions studied, DEP reacts with imidazole groups of histidines. The presence of substrate and the acceptors partially protected the enzyme from DEP inactivation. Partially DEP-modified dextransucrase carried out the acceptor reaction effectively. However, dextran biosynthesis was inhibited to a large degree. These findings show the importance and the role of imidazole groups at the active site. In addition, DEP-modified dextransucrase was used to produce prebiotic oligosaccharides.In the last chapter, DEP modified dextransucrase and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were co-immobilized in alginate beads and used for the production of isomaltooligosaccharides from sucrose. Yeast invertase hydrolyzes sucrose forming glucose and fructose which act as acceptors in dextransucrase reactions. DEP-modified enzyme carries out mostly acceptor reactions forming isomaltooligosaccharides. The method developed could have potential to be used in industrially production of isomaltooligosaccharides.

Tez çalışmasında bağırsaklarda yaşayan, mide-bağırsak ve karaciğer sorunlarına karşı biyolojik fonksiyonları olan faydalı bakterileri (Bifidobacterium sp, Lactobacillus sp) uyararan prebiyotiklerin üretimi için yeni ve etkili metodlar geliştirildi. İzomaltooligosakkaritler, fruktooligosakkaritler ve galaktooligosakkaritler prebiyotik oligosakkaritlerdir. Tez izomaltooligosakkaritlerin üretim metodlarının çalışıldığı dört bölümden oluşmaktadır.Birinci bölümde, Leuconostoc mesenteroides dekstransükraz ve Penicillum lilacinum dekstranaz birlikte immobilize edildi ve sükrozdan izomaltooligosakkarit üretiminde kullanıldı. Birlikte-immobilizasyon değişik alginat matrikslerde (bead, fiber ve kapsül), serbest dekstransükraz ve Eupergit C üzerine immobilize edilen dekstranaz ile yapıldı. En iyi immobilizasyon verimi (%71) alginat kapsül ko-immobilizasyonunda gerçekleştirildi ve bir ay süresince aktivitede azalma görülmedi. Birlikte-immobilize enzimlerin sükrozdan izomaltooligosakkaritlerin üretiminde kullanılabileceği gösterildi. Ayrıca üretilen oligosakkaritler, sükroz ilavesi ve alginat fiberlerde immobilize dekstransükraz ile reaksiyon yapıldı. Şeker karışımındaki prebiyotik oligosakkaritlerin miktarı %43 (w/w) tür.İkinci bölümde, izomaltoz yüksek saflıkla, birlikte-immobilize dekstransükraz ve dekstranaz kullanarak sükroz ve glukoz karışımından üretildi. Dekstransükraz, sükrozun glukoz birimlerini kullanarak dekstran oluşumunu katalizlerken, açığa çıkan fruktozun akseptör etkisiyle lükroz oluşur. Dekstranaz ve glukozun etkisiyle, fruktozun akseptör etkisi tamamen ortadan kaldırıldı ve dekstran oluşumu da inhibe edildi. Dekstranazın oluşan oligosakkaritleri hidroliziyle izomaltoz üretildi. İzomaltoz, oligosakkaritler, fruktoz ve glukozdan oluşan karışım ekmek mayası (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ile muamele edildi, fruktoz ve glukoz uzaklaştırıldı. İzomaltozun saflığı %82 (w/w) dir.Üçüncü bölümde, dekstransükraz substrat ve akseptörlerin (maltoz, laktoz, fruktoz, glukoz ve galaktoz) varlığında dietilpirokarbonat (DEP) ile modifiye edildi. Çalışma şartlarında DEP histidinlerin imidazol gruplarıyla reaksiyon verir. Substrat ve akseptörlerin varlığında enzim DEP inaktivasyonundan korundu. DEP-modifiye dekstransükrazın dekstran biyosentezi inhibe olurken akseptör reaksiyonlarını etkili şekilde gerçekleştirdiği görüldü. Bulgular aktif bölgede imidazol gruplarının rolü ve önemini gösterdi. Ayrıca DEP-modifiye dekstransükraz prebiyotik oligosakkaritlerin üretiminde kullanıldı.Dördüncü bölümde, DEP-modifiye dekstransükraz ve ekmek mayası (Saccharomyces cerevisia) alginat bead'lerde birlikte immobilize edildi ve sükrozdan izomaltooligosakkaritle elde edildi. Reaksiyon karışımında ekmek mayası invertazı sükrozu hidroliz ederken, DEP-modifiye dekstransükraz akseptör reaksiyonları yoluyla izomaltooligosakkaritleri üretir. Bu metod izomaltooligosakkaritlerin endüstriyel üretiminde kullanılabilir.

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Keywords

Immobilization, Alginates, Biyokimya, Dextranase, Biyoteknoloji, Biochemistry, Biotechnology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Average