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A Sub-Electron-Noise Multi-Channel Cryogenic Skipper-CCD Readout ASIC

قارئ تشويش إلكترون فرعي متعدد القنوات للتبريد - CCD ASIC
Authors: Fabricio Alcalde Bessia; Troy England; Hongzhi Sun; Leandro Stefanazzi; D. Braga; Miguel Sofo Haro; Shaorui Li; +2 Authors

A Sub-Electron-Noise Multi-Channel Cryogenic Skipper-CCD Readout ASIC

Abstract

The \emph{MIDNA} application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is a skipper-CCD readout chip fabricated in a 65 nm LP-CMOS process that is capable of working at cryogenic temperatures. The chip integrates four front-end channels that process the skipper-CCD signal and performs differential averaging using a dual slope integration (DSI) circuit. Each readout channel contains a pre-amplifier, a DC restorer, and a dual-slope integrator with chopping capability. The integrator chopping is a key system design element in order to mitigate the effect of low-frequency noise produced by the integrator itself, and it is not often required with standard CCDs. Each channel consumes 4.5 mW of power, occupies 0.156 mm${^2}$ area and has an input referred noise of 2.7${μν}_{rms}$. It is demonstrated experimentally to achieve sub-electron noise when coupled with a skipper-CCD by means of averaging samples of each pixel. Sub-electron noise is shown in three different acquisition approaches. The signal range is 6000 electrons. The readout system achieves 0.2${e^{-}}$ RMS by averaging 1000 samples with MIDNA both at room temperature and at 180 Kelvin.

Keywords

Artificial intelligence, Chip, Aerospace Engineering, FOS: Mechanical engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Noise (video), Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Engineering, CMOS Image Sensor Technology, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.2, CMOS Image Sensors, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Image (mathematics), Amplifier, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Optoelectronics, Radiometric Calibration and Performance Monitoring, Infrared Small Target Detection and Tracking, CORRELATED DOUBLE SAMPLING, Time delay and integration, Dynamic range, CRYOGENIC, Electronic engineering, Physics, CMOS, Integrator, Optics, Voltage, Physics - Applied Physics, Computer science, LOW NOISE, Programming language, Application-specific integrated circuit, Pixel-Level ADC, Channel (broadcasting), SIGNAL (programming language), Electrical engineering, Physical Sciences

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
Average
Average
Green