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Brazilian Journal of Geophysics
Article . 2006 . Peer-reviewed
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Brazilian Journal of Geophysics
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Mapeamento de aqüíferos na cidade de Manaus (AM): utilizando perfilagem geofísica de poço e sondagem elétrica vertical

Authors: SOUZA, Lena Simone Barata;

Mapeamento de aqüíferos na cidade de Manaus (AM): utilizando perfilagem geofísica de poço e sondagem elétrica vertical

Abstract

RESUMO O sistema de aguas subterrâneas vigentes na cidade de Manaus (AM) e pertencente ao Aquifero Alter do Chao, o qual e caracterizado por facies sedimentares arenosa, argilosa, areno-argilosa e ''Arenito Manaus'' depositadas em ambiente fluvial e fluvio-deltaico. Estima-se que 32.500 km 3 de agua possam ser explorados, fornecendo pocos confinados a semiconfinados com vazao de ate 300 m 3 /h em pocos de aproximadamente 220 m de profundidade. Grandes distorcoes, contudo, tem sido notadas, Manaus, em foco neste trabalho, tem pocos com baixo rendimento (de 78 m 3 /h), devido a ma colocacao de filtros em consequencia da falta de informacoes sobre os aquiferos. Atraves do uso integrado de perfilagem geofisica de poco (perfis de raio gama, de potencial espontâneo e de resistencia eletrica), sondagem eletrica vertical e informacoes litologicas de amostragem de calha, mapearam-se camadas litologicas permo-porosas com elevado potencial aquifero nas zonas norte e leste da cidade de Manaus. Foram identificadas duas zonas aquiferas. A primeira zona e marcada pelos 50 m iniciais de profundidade. Nesta zona distinguem-se tres tipos de litologias: argilosa, arenosa e areno-argilosa com as mais variadas dimensoes. Estas duas ultimas litologias apresentam elevado potencial aquifero. Mesmo assim, nesta zona nao ha tendencia a conter um volume de agua consideravel, devido a limitada continuidade lateral dos corpos arenosos e estar sujeita aos estorvos antropicos superficiais. Portanto, nao indicada para explotacao de agua em grandes quantidades. A segunda zona se estende a partir dos 50 m ate aproximadamente 290 m de profundidade. E caracterizada por dois tipos de litologias: arenosa e areno-argilosa. Ao contrario da primeira, a esta profundidade ha propensao do armazenamento e exploracao de agua. Apresenta litologias com elevado potencial aquifero, cujos corpos arenosos sao mais espessos e possuem uma maior continuidade lateral que os da zona 1; e valores de vaza o de quase 300 m 3 . Serve, entao, para abastecimento publico por causa das boas vazoes, garantia de agua de boa qualidade protegida de acoes antropicas. cujos corpos arenosos sao mais espessos e possuem uma maior continuidade lateral que os da zona 1; e valores de vaza o de quase 300 m 3 . A analise feita quanto a variacao lateral, em mapas, de resistencia transversal e condutância longitudinal, revelou que nas porcoes inferiores a 50 m de profundidade os setores NE e SW correspondem as zonas permeaveis. Portanto, possuem menos faixas argilosas, sendo considerados os setores mais transmissivos do sistema aquifero. Os pocos com profundidade maiores que 50 m recomenda-se sua locacoes nas faixas NNW, SW e extremo sul, em virtude dos resultados obtidos atraves da perfilagens geofisicas de pocos, as quais delineiam camadas permo-porosas de elevado potencial aquifero para a area estudada. ABSTRACT The principal source of groundwater in Manaus-AM is the Alter of Chao aquifer. This aquifer is characterized by sand, clay and sandy-clay sedimentary facies and the Manaus sandstones, deposited in the fluvial and fluvial-deltaic ambient. An estimated amount of 32.500 km 3 of groundwater can be exploited from this aquifer through wells of about 220 m deep, producing water at a maximum rate of 300 m 3 /h. However, there are big distortions in the production rates. In some boreholes they are as low as 78 m 3 /h because of wrong filter locations due to the lack of information about the aquifer position in depth. The permo-porous zones forming the aquifers were mapped in the northern and eastern part of the town of Manaus, employing in integration of the information available from the well-log geophysical data, Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data the litology obtained through the examination of the borehole cuttings. This work resulted in the identification of two distinct geohydrological zones in depth. The first, up to the depth of 50 m, is marked by clay, sand and sandy-clay zones of varied dimensions. However, they are not recommended for great demand of water because of the limited lateral extension of the sand zones and for being susceptible to superficial contaminations. The second zone extents below 50 m to about 290 m in depth, and is very appropriate for the storage of large amount of groundwater because it contains thick sand zones of great lateral extensions. The production rate of the wells in this aquifer is around 300 m 3 /h. Therefore, it is recommended for the supply of good quality groundwater to meet higher demands such as for a district in a town. An analysis of the transverse resistance and longitudinal conductance maps of the upper zone up to 50 m, leads to that NE and SW sectors of the area contend more permeable zones, contend less clayey layers, therefore, of higher transmissibility zones of the aquifer system. However, for wells deeper than 50 m, recommend NNW e SW region for their locations based on the results obtained through Geophysical Well Logging that delineates the permo-pourous layers forming a good aquifer.

Keywords

550, Perfilagem geofísica de poços, Amazonas - Estado, Águas subterrâneas, Manaus - AM, Aquíferos, Amazônia brasileira, CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS::GEOFISICA::GEOFISICA APLICADA

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
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