Objective — to conduct an analysis of studies on the participation and role of major macro- and microelements in metabolic processes associated with deficiency, excess or imbalance of them in the body. Conclusions. This review summarizes the scientific data on the role of macro- and trace elements in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. The ambiguity of scientific data on the results of research on the content of trace elements in various organs and systems, their role in the life of the organism, indicate the complexity of the problem and confirm the importance of its further study for the development of modern methods of treatment and the creation of scientific recommendations on a healthy way of life. To assess the elemental status of an organism, it is expedient to use a system for determining the micronutrient maintenance of the body for microelementograms.