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THE SOCIAL LIFE OF IMMIGRANTS FROM ZAKARPATTIA IN THE UNITED STATES THROUGH THE PRISM OF ACTIVITY BELA CZMOR (1928–1930)

Authors: Kazak, Oleg;

THE SOCIAL LIFE OF IMMIGRANTS FROM ZAKARPATTIA IN THE UNITED STATES THROUGH THE PRISM OF ACTIVITY BELA CZMOR (1928–1930)

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to identify, on the basis of a detailed analysis of Bela Czmor’s participation in the public life of Zakarpattian immigrants, the nature of the successes and difficulties of the activities of the Hungarian diplomatic agencies regarding the Rusyn diaspora of the USA. The following methods were used in the work: historical-comparative (were identified various strategies of behavior of the leaders of the Rusyn diaspora of the USA), historical-typological (were identified various competing groups of the Rusyn diaspora, called in the documents of the Hungarian consulate in Cleveland as “power group”, “opposition group”, “Great Russian direction”), historical-systemic (the Rusyn diaspora of the USA is considered as a complex system with various elements that mutually influence each other and are subject to influence from the outside, that is, national-cultural and socio-political life in Zakarpattia), and the method of content analysis (the semantic constructions most frequently encountered in documents of the Hungarian diplomatic agencies were noted, and then the results were interpreted). As a result of the study, we came to the conclusion that Hungarian diplomacy carried out a careful but consistent effort to spread Magyaron sentiments among immigrants from Zakarpattia in the USA. One of the most active participants in this campaign was Bela Czmor. An analysis of his relationship with the Hungarian foreign policy structures and individuals claiming to be the leaders of public opinion among the Rusyns in the USA shows that there was no unified leadership of the actions of the Rusyn diaspora, and an atmosphere of mutual distrust reigned among its activists. Prospects for further research of this problem are seen in comparing the documents of the Hungarian foreign policy agencies with similar materials of Czechoslovak origin.

Цель исследования – на основании детального анализа участия Б. Цмора в общественной жизни иммигрантов из Закарпатья выявить направленность деятельности венгерских дипломатических ведомств относительно русинской диаспоры США, определить природу успехов и сложностей данной деятельности. В работе были использованы следующие методы: историко-сравнительный (были выявлены различные стратегии поведения лидеров русинской диаспоры США), историко-типологический (были определены различные конкурирующие группы русинской диаспоры, именуемые в документах венгерского консульства в Кливленде как «группа власти», «оппозиционная группа», «великорусское направление»), историко-системный (русинская диаспора США рассматривается в качестве сложной системы с различными элементами, взаимно влиявшими друг на друга и подверженными влиянию извне, т.е. национально-культурной и общественно-политической жизни в Закарпатье), метод контент-анализа (были отмечены наиболее часто встречавшиеся в документах венгерских дипломатических ведомств смысловые конструкции, а затем произведена интерпретация результатов). В результате проведенного исследования мы пришли к выводу, что венгерская дипломатия вела осторожную, но последовательную работу по распространению среди иммигрантов из Закарпатья в США мадьяронских настроений. Одним из наиболее активных участников данной кампании являлся Б. Цмор. Анализ его взаимоотношений с венгерскими внешнеполитическими структурами и лицами, претендовавшими на роль лидеров общественного мнения русинов США, показывает, что отсутствовало единое руководство действиями русинской диаспоры, в среде ее активистов царила атмосфера взаимного недоверия. Перспективы дальнейшего исследования данной проблемы видятся в сравнении документов венгерских внешнеполитических органов с аналогичными материалами чехословацкого происхождения.

Keywords

информационная кампания., Hungarian foreign policy agencies, information campaign., Bela Czmor, венгерские внешнеполитические органы, Magyarons, мадьяроны, иммигранты из Закарпатья в США, Бела Цмор, immigrants from Zakarpattia in the USA

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze