Mental health is the basis of human well-being and effective functioning of society, its intellectual and moral potential. Its destruction causes huge socio-economic losses, including labor losses, and creates conditions for reducing the quality of life and social instability. In this context, it becomes relevant to study the dynamics of the main indicators of mental well-being in society. As a result of the author's study of epidemiological indicators of public mental health in Russia in 2005-2018. positive and negative trends were identified. The former include a reduction in deaths from homicides, suicides, accidental alcohol poisoning, and the incidence of mental disorders and alcoholism. Alarming changes include a four-fold increase in deaths from mental disorders (since 2012). there is also an increase in child morbidity with psychopathologies in the southern and Central Federal districts. There is an increase in the incidence of psychosis and dementia among children under 18 years of age, and schizophrenia among adolescents aged 15-17 years. Rural women are at higher risk of death from mental disorders, while rural men are at higher risk of death from homicides, suicides, and causes caused by harmful alcohol use.